大学生科研学习投入对学习收获影响的实证研究  

Empirical Study on the Impact of Undergraduates' Research Experience on Learning Gains

作　　者：郭卉[1] 韩婷[1] Guo Hui;Han Ting

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院

出　　处：《教育研究》2018年第6期60-69,共10页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目"本科生科研与创新人才培养模式改革的实证研究"(项目编号:CIA130168)的研究成果

摘　　要：大学生参与科学研究是一项"高影响力"教育活动。基于对5所理工科高校836名至少有一次完整科研参与经历的理工科大学生的问卷调查发现,学生的科研学习收获整体较多,从高到低依次为专业社会化、社会性能力和关系、对职业/教育道路的选择和准备、学术技能和研究能力。大学生科研学习投入对学习收获影响显著,对研究能力和学术技能收获最具解释力的是学生从事科研任务的认知挑战度;对专业社会化和未来道路的选择与准备收获最具解释力的是学生在科研活动中与教师互动的频率;对社会性能力和关系收获最具解释力的是学生与同辈互动的频率。院校可通过制度创设,促进学生的科研学习投入,提升科研学习质量,主要措施包括将本科生科研纳入人才培养的正式制度中,使之成为"课程";建立本科生科研指导者体系,建立健全指导者激励和能力培训制度。Undergraduates＇ research is a ＂high-impact＂ educational activity. Based on a questionnaire survey of 836 undergraduates majoring in science and engineering with at least one complete scientific research experience in 5 universities,the results showed that students gain a lot from scientific researches;from high to low,they wereprofessional socialization,social skills and relationships,selection and preparation of education/career,academic skillsand research capabilities. Undergraduates＇ research has a significant impact on their learning gains. Specifically,researchcapabilities and academic skills are significantly promoted and can be shown by the cognitive challenge level of thestudents who are engaged in scientific researches;professional socialization and the selection and preparation of education/career are both mostly affected by the frequency of interaction between students and teachers;social skills andrelationships are mostly affected by the frequency of interaction among peer students. Accordingly,colleges anduniversities should focus on the creation of the institutional environment to improve students＇ research engagement and topromote the scientific research quality. The main approaches include the incorporation of undergraduate＇s research intothe formal system of talent training,making it a ＂course＂. Colleges and universities should also construct a mentor systemfor undergraduate＇s research and establish and improve the incentive system and training system for the mentors.

关 键 词：本科生科研 学习收获 影响因素 学习投入 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]