城市环境下基于C/S架构的影像空间定位  

Space Location of Image in Urban Environments Based on C/S Structure

作　　者：张春森[1] 王西旗 郭丙轩[2] ZHANG Chunsen;WANG Xiqi;GUO Bingxuan(College of Geomatics,Xi＇an University of Science and Technology,Xi＇an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054 [2]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2018年第7期978-983,共6页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0502200);测绘地理信息公益性行业科研专项项目(210600001);广州市科技计划项目(2017010160173)~~

摘　　要：针对城市环境下影像空间定位精度低等问题,提出了一种在C/S架构下基于影像的移动平台空间自定位方法。首先对预采集的城市建筑物序列影像,利用最近邻距离比率（nearest neighbor distance ratio,NNDR）算法和归一化互相关匹配（normalized cross correlation,NCC）算法得到SIFT粗匹配,通过随机抽样一致（random sample consensus,RANSAC）算法对粗匹配点进行优化,通过精确解算基本矩阵F和投影矩阵P,建立建筑物三维点云模型,进而获得由影像特征点、像点坐标以及物方点坐标组成的物方特征库。其次以用户通过手机拍摄的影像作为定位影像,进行特征提取并与物方特征库影像匹配,获取对应物方点坐标。最后通过精确计算定位影像外方位元素,并在手机客户端中显示所拍照瞬间手机的空间位置,实现移动平台空间自定位。实验结果表明,该方法能够达到厘米级定位精度,可作为其他空间定位方法的有效补充。Aiming at the low positioning accuracy of image space location in urban environments,this paper proposes a new method of space location of image in urban environments based on C/S structure. First,a series of indoor images are taken in advance. We use the nearest neighbor distance ratio（ NNDR） and normalized cross correlation（ NCC） to get the SIFT coarse matches,then use RANSAC method to optimize it,and calculate the fundamental matrix and projection matrix. Building 3D point cloud model is established,and the object space feature library including image feature points,image point coordinates and object space point coordinates are got. Second,we regard the building images which are taken by user＇s mobile phone as the location images. Image feature points of location images are extracted and matched with the feature points of object space feature library,then the object space point coordinates are obtained. Finally,we use collinearity equation model to accurately calculate the exterior orientation elements,and display the user＇s space position on the phone,thus space positioning is realized. The experimental results show that the positioning method in this paper can reach the centimeter level positioning accuracy,and can meet the requirements of the user positioning accuracy.

关 键 词：空间定位 影像匹配 基本矩阵 投影矩阵 三维重建 外方位元素 

分 类 号：P234[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]