“生物心理社会医学模式”理论的历史与现实——以恩格尔为中心的学术史考察  

The History and Reality of the Biopsychosocial Model——An Investigation of Academic History Centered on Engel's Theory

作　　者：刘月树 LIU Yue-shu(Philosophy College,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,Chin;School of Management,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193,Chin)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350 [2]天津中医药大学管理学院,天津300193

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2018年第2期18-25,共8页Science Economy Society

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"西方医学伦理思想发展史研究"(09CZX045);天津中医药大学教改项目"‘医学人文执业技能’教育的理论与实践问题研究"(2016JYE07)

摘　　要："生物心理社会医学模式"理论是当代医学哲学的经典命题。这一思想源于20世纪西方精神病学领域的折衷主义思潮,以阿道夫·梅耶的"精神生物学"理论为开端,经由罗伊·格林科的创造性论述,最终因乔治·恩格尔的系统阐发而广为人知。恩格尔在其著名文献中分析了"生物医学模式"的内涵、哲学基础及其实践缺点,并据此提出了"生物心理社会医学模式"的构想。新的模式以系统论为方法基础,主张从"人"的层级来整体考虑疾病的诊断和治疗问题。恩格尔的理论对于临床实践、医学研究和医学教育产生了重要影响。与此同时,一些学者也对这一理论的逻辑缺陷和实践困难进行了批判。深入了解恩格尔的这一理论,依然是我国医学哲学界的一项重要课题。The biopsychosocial model is a classical theory of modern medical philosophy,which originated from the eclectic though of western psychiatry in the early 20 th century. It began with Adolf Meyer＇s ＂ psychobiology＂ and developed with Roy R. Grinker＇creative discourse and finally widely known by George Engel＇s systematic analysis.In his series of papers,Engel analyzed the connotation,philosophical basis and defects of the biomedical model and put forward an idea to construct the biopsychosocial model.This new model takes the system theory as methodology and proposes form person level to diagnose and treat diseases.Engel＇s theory have changes the pathway of the clinical practice,medical research and education.On the other hand,Some scholars criticize its logical defects and practical difficulties. How to correctly understand this theory remains an important subject for Chinese medical philosopher.

关 键 词：生物医学模式 生物心理社会医学模式 系统论 医学哲学 

分 类 号：R-02[医药卫生]