成人早餐食用频率和速度与空腹血糖升高的关联性研究  

Relationship between frequency or speed of breakfast and high fasting plasma glucose in adults

作　　者：岳爱花 苏彦萍 杨昆 刘相佟 赵湛[5] 邹小平 邹德春[7] 平昭 牟永敏[6] 郭秀花 YUE Ai-hua;SU Yan-ping;YANG Kun;LIU Xiang-tong;ZHAO Zhan;ZOU Xiao-ping;ZOU De-chun;PING Zhao;MOU Yong-min;GUO Xiu-hua(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100069 [2]北京市大兴区清源街道社区卫生服务中心 [3]北京市临床流行病学重点实验室 [4]首都医科大学宣武医院循证医学中心 [5]中国科学院电子学研究所传感技术国家重点实验室 [6]北京信息科技大学计算机学院 [7]北京大学化学与分子工程学院 [8]北京小汤山医院

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2018年第7期486-489,494,共5页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81530087);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(Z160002)

摘　　要：目的探讨早餐的食用频率和速度与成人空腹血糖的关系,为制定糖尿病的防控措施提供科学依据。方法于2014年1月至2015年12月采用立意抽样法抽取北京市小汤山医院体检中心18岁及以上13 837名体检人员为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,并按照统一的标准进行体格检查及生化指标的检测。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行t检验、方差分析、秩和检验和χ~2检验,空腹血糖升高的影响因素采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果在经常吃且吃得慢、经常吃但吃得快、不经常吃但吃得慢和不经常吃且吃得快的4组调查对象中,空腹血糖水平分别为(5.38±1.19)、(5.46±1.29)、(5.39±1.20)和(5.44±1.36)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(F=4.77,P<0.01)。在调整性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体质指数和腰围等混杂因素后,以经常吃且吃得慢、经常吃但吃得快、不经常吃但吃得慢和不经常吃且吃得快为自变量(赋值分别为1、2、3和4),多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,不经常吃早餐且吃得快是空腹血糖升高的危险因素(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.01~2.37);以早餐食用频率和速度为自变量,多因素logistic回归分析显示,不经常吃早餐(OR=1.08,95%CI:0.87~1.34)和早餐食用速度快(OR=1.09,95%CI:0.98~1.22)均不是空腹血糖升高的危险因素。结论不经常吃早餐且吃得快是空腹血糖升高的危险因素,并且可能有协同作用。养成良好的早餐食用习惯及吃饭速度,对降低糖尿病患病率具有重要意义。Objective To investigate the relationship between frequency or speed of breakfast and high fasting plasma glucose in adults,and to provide the scientific evidence for diabetes prevention and control. Methods Purposive sampling was used to collected medical records of 13 837 subjects（≥18 years old） taking physical examination at Beijing Xiao tangshan Hospital between 2014 and 2015. The investigation was performed with the self-designed questionnaires,physical examination and biochemical indexes test. The t test,Chi-square test,ANOVA,Chi-square test and rank sum test were used to analyze the data,the risk factors of high FPG were identified by multi-variant logistic regression analysis,the used software was SPSS18.0. Results The subjects were divided into four groups（high frequency and slow speed,high frequency and fast speed,low frequency and slow speed,low frequency and fast speed）. The FPG levels were（5.38±1.19）,（5.46±1.29）,（5.39±1.20） and（5.44±1.36） mmol/L,respectively（P〈0.01）. After adjustment of gender,age,smoking,drinking,body mass index（BMI） and waistline,the multivariate logistic regression showed that low frequency and fast speed was risk factor for high FPG（OR=1.55,95%CI：1.01-2.37）;but breakfast skipping and fast eating speed were not the risk factors for high FPG（OR=1.08,95%CI：0.87-1.34;OR=1.09,95%CI：0.98-1.22）.Conclusion Breakfast skipping and fast eating speed were associated with high FPG in adults and could have synergistic effects. It is greatly significant to develop a good breakfast eating habit and eating speed for reducing diabetes.

关 键 词：早餐 频率 吃饭速度 空腹血糖 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]