孤独症青少年的情绪韵律注意偏向缺陷:低效率的知觉模式  

The deficiency of attention bias to emotional prosody in the teenagers with autism spectrum disorders: A perceptual mode of low efficiency

作　　者：胡金生 李骋诗 王琦 李松泽 李涛涛 刘淑清[2] HU Jinsheng;LI Chengshi;WANG Qi;LI Songze;LI Taotao;LIU Shuqing(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,116029,China;College of Basic Medical Sciences,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,116044,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]大连医科大学基础医学院,大连116044

出　　处：《心理学报》2018年第6期637-646,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：辽宁特聘教授基金;辽宁省社会科学基金项目(L17DSH001)资助

摘　　要：情绪注意偏向是指与中性刺激相比,情绪刺激会引起个体的优先加工。为了探讨ASD青少年听觉通道的情绪注意偏向是否存在缺陷,并进一步考察目标任务的知觉负载水平是否影响ASD青少年情绪韵律的注意偏向,研究先后采用oddball范式、双任务范式呈现中性、快乐和愤怒韵律。实验1结果发现,ASD被试在不同情绪韵律类别下的反应时均长于TD被试。实验2结果发现,在提供注意指示条件下,即使在高知觉负载水平上,ASD被试的情绪韵律检测能力及错误率也与普通被试相似,但对于情绪韵律的反应时与中性韵律无差异。结果表明,知觉负载对ASD青少年情绪韵律注意偏向的影响是有限度的,该群体听觉通道的情绪注意偏向存在缺陷,主要表现为对情绪韵律知觉效率的相对低下。Emotional attention bias refers that emotional stimuli usually get priority of attention over the neutral stimuli, which has been frequently replicated in normal participants. However, previous studies reported that teenagers with autism spectrum disorders（ASD） had atypical attention patterns of processing emotional faces and pictures, that is, their first attention was located at the neutral stimuli instead of the emotional stimuli. According to the perceptual load theory, some studies demonstrated the deficiency of attention bias to emotions in the teenagers with ASD was due to the perceptual load of the main task was too high for them, so that they can＇t process the emotion. Till now, little has been known about the ASD teenagers＇ attention in processing auditory emotional stimuli, although emotional expression also actually depends on the changes of acoustic cues in the speech prosody. To testify the generality of attention bias to cross-model emotions in the teenagers with ASD, we extended the experimental materials to emotional prosody. In present study, 14 teenagers with ASD and 17 typical developing（TD） people were recruited in two experiments. The participants were required to complete a main task while the emotional prosody voices were presented as the deviated task-irrelevant stimuli. In Experiment 1, the participants were instructed to ignore sounds and to classify the pictures. In Experiment 2, we adopted a dual-task paradigm, which required participants to respond to the target letters first and then to point whether they hear the novel emotional prosody. And in experiment 2, we also manipulated the level of perceptual load through changing the similarity between the letters in virtual round.Results showed that：（1） Reaction time of ASD subjects were longer than TD subjects under any different emotions rhyme categories.（2） Whether in high or low perceptual load, reaction times and error rates of the main task as well as accuracy of emotional prosody detection task between two gr

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 青少年 情绪韵律 注意偏向 知觉负载 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] R395[哲学宗教—心理学]