跨越式的社会变迁对微小民族的心理冲击——以使鹿鄂温克人为例  

The Psychological Impact of the Leapfrog Social Change on the Small Nationality——An Example of Ewenki People of Deer Tribe

作　　者：关宇霞[1] 张积家[2] GUAN Yu-xia;ZHANG Ji-jia(School of Educational Science,Hulunbuir University,Hulunbuir 021008,Inner Mongolia,China;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院教育科学学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [2]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期38-46,共9页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家民委民族研究重点项目:"少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究"(项目编号:2017-GMA-004)阶段性成果;全国民族教育研究合作课题:"少数民族心理健康和文化适应状况调查及对策研究"(项目编号:MJZXHZ15003)阶段性成果;中国人民大学科学研究基金项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助:"社会变迁背景下的社会排斥研究"(项目编号:16XNLQ05)阶段性成果

摘　　要：从原始社会到信息社会,从游猎到定居,从狩猎采集业到文化旅游业,使鹿鄂温克人的生计方式、生活空间、家庭结构、价值观和文化习俗发生了急剧的转型与变迁。跨越式的社会变迁给他们带来了严重的心理冲击:价值观从无私到有私发生了颠覆性的变化,资源从无限到有限产生了巨大的心理落差,从优秀猎手到缺少现代生计能力导致了失落感的出现,从游猎到定居导致缺少了生活的激情和新鲜感,生态移民导致了边缘感的增强,文化涵化引发了心理震荡和代际冲突,宗教信仰的中断导致了心灵慰藉的缺失。针对这种情况,政府与社会不仅要关注微小民族的生计与生活,更要了解并减轻他们的心理冲突和心理矛盾,理解其心理需求,在尊重的基础上给予他们真正需要的发展机会和发展空间。After the founding of The People＇s Republic of China,Ewenki people of deer tribe experienced leapfrog changes： from the primitive society to the information society,from safari to settle,from hunter-gatherer industry to cultural tourism. The life style,living space,family structure,values and cultural customs of the Ewenki people have been transformed and changed dramatically. This leapfrog social change has a serious psychological impact on them： subversive change occurring in values—from selflessness to privacy,huge psychological gap generating in resources--from unlimitedness to limitedness,a sense of loss forming from good hunters to lack of modern livelihoods,passions for lives vanishing from hunting to settling,the isolated feeling enhancing because of ecological migration,psychological shock and generation conflicts triggering due to cultural acculturation,and spiritual solace accompanying with the interruption of religion. Based on this situation,the government and society should not only pay attention to the livelihood and life of small nationality,but also understand the real spiritual needs and alleviate their spiritual conflict and contradiction so as to provide more developing opportunities and space.

关 键 词：微小民族 使鹿鄂温克 社会变迁 心理冲击 

分 类 号：C95-05[社会学—民族学]