环境科学专业《生物学实验》教学的改革与探索  

On Reform of Teaching Methods in Biological Experiment for Specialty of Environmental Sciences

作　　者：张晓辉[1] 代先祝[1] 李毅[2] ZHANG Xiao-hui;DAI Xian-zhu;LI Yi(School of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Basic Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学基础教育研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第7期157-162,共6页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西南大学教育教学改革研究项目(2015JY081);西南大学博士基金项目(SWU115018);国家自然基金青年基金项目(31500038)

摘　　要：针对环境科学专业开设的《生物学实验》是一门以训练学生掌握基本实验方法和操作技能为目的的基础应用型课程,本研究在《生物学实验》备课和教学中引入了协作教学和PBL(问题式学习)教学法,实验内容由动物学、植物学和微生物学专业教师共同协作制定,更加突出环境学科的特点,并能紧密联系当前研究的热点.《生物学实验》内容划分为基本操作(验证性实验)、生物检测(综合性实验)、环境修复与资源开发和应用(设计性实验)3个教学模块,专业教师协助参与教学和评价,这一改革有利于培养学生的专业技能和促进学生系统性学习专业知识.PBL在教学中的利用,能够针对每个实验提出核心问题,引导学生积极思考,主动设计实验技术路线.能有效激发学生自主学习积极性,提高学生思考、分析和解决问题的能力.经过教学实践证明,学生的学习成绩和参与科研的积极性都有所提高.Biological Experiment for students majoring in Environmental Sciences is a basic application course to train students to master basic experimental methods and manipulation skills.By introducing collaborative teaching and PBL methods,students can be trained to master basic experimental skills and to improve the abilities of independent thinking,designing and learning.In this study,the experimental content was developed by professional teachers together exiled in Zoology,Botany and Microbiology and so on.The contents were characterized in environmental discipline prominently in order to cultivate professional skills of students,to encourage them in active learning and enhance their spirit of cooperation.Based on the major of Environmental Sciences,Biology Experimental content is divided into basic manipulation（verification experiment）,biological monitoring（comprehensive experiment）,environmental remediation and application of biological resources（designing experiment）three teaching modules.The core problems were proposed before each experiment,students could think,design and participate experiments actively.The teaching reform has proved that the students＇ academic achievements and the enthusiasm of participating in scientific research have been improved,and this teaching model proposed in this paper is feasible.

关 键 词：协作教学 PBL 教学改革 验证性实验 综合性实验 设计性实验 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]