有别·交胜·合一:张载天人思想的结构特质  

Different,Competing and United:The Structural Characteristics of ZHANG Zai's Conception of Heaven and Man

作　　者：刘泉[1] LIU Quan(College of Arts,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi ＇an Shaanxi,710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第4期154-160,共7页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目"张载易学文献整理与经学思想研究"(17YJC720015);陕西省教育厅哲学社科研究重点项目"张载<东西铭>历代诠释与关中仁孝伦理观念研究"(17JZ063)

摘　　要：张载基于对人类实践行为的反思,从同知用、合内外两个层面论述了天人有别、交胜、合一的三种关系,形成了完备且自洽的天人理论体系。其天人理论,既继承了孔孟儒学天人一体、天人相通的理论,也十分重视老子及其之后的天人有别、天人相分的自然主义观点。他对气化的天人理论也有所保留,反对天人惟气论以及阴阳五行的谶纬理论。张载认为,通过先识造化、穷神知化、与天地参的内省察进路,从而尽心知性知天,可以实现与本体贯通的天人境界。虽然天人合一的精神境遇很难实现,但却不断警示人们:只有通过坚持不懈的道德修为、制度建设、智力开发,人类才能够在精神领域、社会领域和自然领域中无限趋近这一理想的生命境界。Based on the reflection of human practice, ZHANG Zai elaborated upon the three relations between Heaven and man and established a complete and consistent conception of Heaven and man： Heaven and man are different; Heaven and man alternately prevail over each other, Heaven and man are united. His theory not only inherited Confucian theory of Heaven and man represented by Confucius and Mencius, but also valued Lao Zi and his followers＇ ZHANG Zai held the view that we should first make introspection by understanding nature, rigorously inquiring into the marvelous world and understanding changes of things, and leading ourselves into the ecological and moral realm of ＂the trinity of man, Heaven and earth＂so as to follow our conscience to the utmost, know our true nature and destiny and thus achieve connection and unity of Heaven and man. Although it is not easy to achieve unity of Heaven and man, ZHANG advised people that only through persistent efforts in moral improvement, system construction, and intellectual development can humans come infinitely close to this ideal state in spiritual life, social life and natural world.

关 键 词：张载 天人有别 天人交胜 天人合一 结构特质 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]