舟山市海产贝类和食源性腹泻病例中肠道腹泻病毒监测  

Monitoring analysis of diarrhea virus from marine seashells and foodborne diarrhea cases in Zhoushan City

作　　者：王虹玲[1] 张辉[1] 吴昺 WANG Hong-ling;ZHANG Hui;WU Bing(Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhejiang Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]舟山市疾病预防控制中心,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2018年第4期415-420,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：舟山市科技计划项目(2014C31073)

摘　　要：目的了解肠道腹泻病毒在舟山市海产贝类的分布和食源性腹泻病例中的感染特征以及两者相关联系,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供有效的对策和措施。方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对466份舟山市海产贝类和422份食源性腹泻标本中诺如病毒(NoV)GⅠ型/GⅡ型、轮状病毒(RV)、札如病毒(SPV)、星状病毒(AsV)和肠道腺病毒(AdV)5种主要肠道腹泻病毒核酸进行检测。结果 466份海产贝类样品病毒总阳性率为18.03%(84/466),其中NoV GⅡ型为4.08%(19/466),SPV为9.67%(45/466),AsV为2.79%(13/466),AdV为1.50%(7/466);春季和冬季病毒阳性率较高,农贸市场的牡蛎病毒阳性率最高(24.75%,25/101),养殖毛蚶病毒阳性率最低(10.12%,17/168),不同的病毒阳性率以及不同来源和不同季节贝类的病毒阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。422例腹泻患者粪便标本总阳性率为15.64%(66/422),NoV为4.74%(20/422,以GⅡ为主),RV为4.74%(20/422),SPV为3.55%(15/422),NoV GⅡ型、RV和SPV的阳性率相对较高,春季和冬季病毒阳性率较高,不同病毒阳性率和不同季节病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舟山市海产贝类中肠道腹泻病毒的污染状况较为严重,与食源性腹泻病例中的病毒感染特征存在相关联系,其流行季节和优势病毒类型相同。Objective To understand the infection characteristics and the correlation of the intestinal diarrhea virus with the contamination distribution in marine shellfish and the cases of foodborne diarrhea in Zhoushan City,and provide effective suggestions and measures to prevent and control foodborne diseases. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction（ PCR）was used to determine Norovirus（ NoV） type Ⅰ/Ⅱ,Rotavirus（ RV）,Sapovirus（ SPV）,Astrovirus（ AsV） and Enteric adenovirus（ AdV） from 466 marine seashells and 422 foodborne diarrhea samples. Results About 18. 03%（ 84/466） of466 seashell samples were positive,among which 4. 08%（ 19/466） were NoV GⅡ,9. 67%（ 45/466） were SPV,2. 79%（ 13/466） were AsV and 1. 50%（ 7/466） were AdV. The most detected virus were NoV GⅡand SPV,mainly,in spring and winter. The highest positive rate（ 24. 75%,25/101） was detected in oyster from retail markets and the lowest positive rate（ 10. 12%,17/168） was in blood clams from aquatic farm. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of different viruses and the positive rates of shellfish from different sources and seasons（ P 〈0. 05）. About 15. 64%（ 66/422） of 422 seashell samples were identified positive,among which 4. 74% were NoV（ 20/422,mainly GⅡ）,4. 74%（ 20/422） were RV,3. 55%（ 15/422） were SPV. The most detected virus were NoV GⅡ,RV and SPV,mainly,in spring and winter. The positive detection rate of different viruses and the positive rate of virus in different seasons were statistically different（ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion The pollution situation of intestinal diarrhea virus in marine seashells of Zhoushan was severe,which had correlation with the viral infection characteristics in the foodborne diarrhea cases,according to the same prevalence seasons and main virus types.

关 键 词：海产品 贝类 食源性腹泻 肠道腹泻病毒 监测 舟山 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]