从共同体之善的定位到价值中立原则的悖论——反思权利绝对化及其隐忧  

From the Location of Community Good to the Paradox of Worth Neutral Principle——Reflecting Right Absolute and Its Worries

作　　者：曹晟旻[1] CAO Shengmin(Law School,Shandong University,Qingdao Shandong 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期153-159,共7页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目资助"社群主义正义观的批判性研究"(17BZX112)

摘　　要：按照社群主义者的理解,共同体的善发源于社群,其相对于个人的善而言包含更少的主观成分,且通常会被放在更为首要的位置,并有助于促成社群的实质化转型,这恰好是自由主义所欠缺的。人们既不能将共同体的善与个人的善加以对立,更不能使共同体的善凌驾于个人的善之上,这两种善必须得到公平对待。比较而言,共同体的善只是相对的,反倒是个人的善更为真实。有鉴于权利体现着个人的善,所以切忌以共同体的善为名消解或压制个人权利。自由主义者将权利置于超越善的至上位置,但其遵循的正义原则却可以被转述为特定的善,因此有违其坚持的价值中立原则。实际上,价值中立原则仅适用于公民权利和政治权利,而难以对经济权利和社会权利作出合理解释。不可否认,权利本位论有相当程度的合理性,但对其过度推崇却会导致严重的僵化或分裂,因为权利的优先性并非绝对,其不能抛却对善的探寻和追求。Relative to the personal good,the good of community is often placed in a more important position by the communitarianism,and the source of this understanding is the overemphasis on community,so the good of community need to get rid of charm. Nevertheless,this does not mean that the liberal principle of value neutrality can be established. On the contrary,there is a contradiction and discord between the principle and the proposition ＂right is prior to good＂ that is put forward by the liberalists,which will cause a breach of the social reality of value diversification. In this sense,the high degree of vigilance must be kept on the tendency to absolute rights. After all,the situation in real life is not always able to be expressed in the form of ＂rights dialogue＂,and the development of right standard theory to the extreme can create rigidity and division,thus leading to more serious social problems.

关 键 词：共同体 善 权利 价值中立 社群主义 自由主义 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]