工程电介质的基础物理知识与学习思考方法  

Basic Physical Knowledge of Engineering Dielectrics and Learning Thinking Method

作　　者：雷清泉[1,2] 刘关宇 LEI Qingquan;LIU Guanyu(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China;Advanced Electrical Materials Research Institute,Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266011,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150080 [2]青岛科技大学先进电工材料研究院,山东省青岛市266011

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2018年第16期4898-4917,共20页Proceedings of the CSEE

摘　　要：基础物理知识运用到工程电介质领域的研究中,不仅能够提高学者们的知识储备,还能提高实验技术创新水平。该文依据爱因斯坦还原论、费因曼的物理学讲义、能量守恒定律以及海逊堡测不准原理,分析了经典力学中双态及多态简谐振子的能谱特性或色散关系,晶格振动量子态——声子、氢原子、氢分子、半导体杂质能态、极化子与激子等有效半径与能谱。归纳了由薛定谔方程建立的近自由电子近似与紧束缚近似的能带结构,能隙的成因与有效质量近似的物理意义,安德逊莫特定域态的物理本质,能隙结构与应用,非均匀或复合材料逾渗理论的重要性与普适性,以及同它相关的分形与分形维数。The application of basic physics knowledge to the field of engineering dielectrics can not only improve the knowledge reserve of scholars, but also improve the level of experimental technology innovation. According to Einstein＇s reductionism, Feynman＇s physics, conservation of energy and Heisenberg＇s uncertainty principle, the energy spectrum characteristics or dispersion relation of double state and polymorphic harmonic oscillator in classical mechanics, effective radius and energy state of lattice vibrational quantum states phonons, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, semiconductor impurity energy states, polarons and excitons were analyzed. Energy band structure of near free electron approximation and tight binding approximation was established by the Schrodinger equation, cause of energy gap and the physical meaning of effective mass approximation, physical nature of Anderson＇s localized state, energy gap structure and application, importance and universality of percolation theory for non-uniform or composite materials, and the fractal and fractal dimensions associated with it.

关 键 词：还原论 欧拉公式 能量守恒 能带 准粒子 安德逊定域态 逾渗 分形 

分 类 号：TM21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]