微藻在南美白对虾养殖废水中的生长及净化效果  

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by eight strains of microalgae and their growth characteristics in Penaeus vannamei sewage

作　　者：刘梅[1] 原居林[1] 何海生 倪蒙[1] 顾志敏[1,2] LIU Mei;YUAN Julin;HE Haisheng;NI Meng;GU Zhimin(Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001,China;College of Fisheries andLife Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室、浙江省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室、浙江省淡水水产研究所,湖州313001 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第4期866-872,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD13B04)资助~~

摘　　要：为了解不同微藻对南美白对虾养殖尾水的净化作用,通过室内微藻培养试验,分析8株微藻在南美白对虾养殖尾水中的生长性能及不同时间内其对氮磷的去除效果.结果表明,8株藻均能在南美白对虾养殖尾水中生长,其中铜绿微囊藻、衣藻和蛋白核小球藻生长较好,平均相对生长速率分别为0.309 3、0.246 9和0.215 5.8种藻对总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的去除效果差异较大,其中铜绿微囊藻、衣藻和蛋白核小球藻对TN去除效果较好,培养结束时去除率分别达到74%、69%和60%;铜绿微囊藻和衣藻均具有较好的TP去除效果,去除率达60%以上,其次为蛋白核小球藻.不同藻类对不同形态氮的吸收存在较大差异,铜绿微囊藻和衣藻具有较好的硝态氮去除效果,去除率达到70%左右;衣藻对氨氮具有较快且持久的去除率,去除率高达100%,铜绿微囊藻和蛋白核小球藻稍慢,而斜生栅藻、针杆藻和舟形藻最慢,在培养16 d后,去除率均达到90%以上;隐藻和蛋白核小球藻对亚硝态氮具有较好的去除效果,培养至第8天时即达到80%的去除率,且隐藻去除效果较持久.本研究获得了不同藻类对对虾养殖尾水的吸收利用特点,可为南美白对虾养殖过程中藻相的定向培育及养殖尾水净化提供科学参考依据.Microalgae are the most important primary productive forces in shrimp aquaculture systems. Microalgae not only provide oxygen and natural food for aquaculture objects, but they also absorb nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） to reduce water eutrophication. However, there are great differences in N and P absorption among different strains of microalgae. To maintain the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture, the growth performances of eight microalgal strains in Penaeus vannameisewage and N and P removal rates were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that the eight microalgal strains could reduce the N and P content in P. vannamei sewage to some extent. Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlamydomonas sp., and Chlorella pyrenoidosa grew very well, with average growth rates of 0.309 3, 0.246 9, and 0.215 5, respectively. There were significant differences in the removal efficiency among the different strains. The removal rates of total N by M. aeruginosa, Chlamydomonas sp., and C. pyrenoidosa were 74%, 69%, and 60%, respectively, at the end of the experiment, which were higher than the other species. M. aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas sp. had better total P removal efficiency than those of the other microalgal strains and removal rates were greater than 60%, and the second highest total P removal efficiency was by C. pyrenoidosa. Different types of microalgal strains had different absorption rates of different morphological nitrogen. M. aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas sp. had the highest nitrate nitrogen removal rate（approximately 70%）. Chlamydomonas sp. had a fast and persistent removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, with the removal rate being as high as 100%. The removal efficiency ofM. aeruginosa and C. pyrenoidosa were a little slower, and those of Scenedesmus obliquus, Synedra sp., and Navicula graciloideswere the slowest. After 16 d, the removal rate reached more than 90%. Cryptomonas obovate and C. pyrenoidosa displayed the best removal rate of nitrite nitrogen, and the removal rate reach

关 键 词：微藻 南美白对虾 养殖尾水 水质净化 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X714