休谟论美与德  

Hume on Beauty and Virtue

作　　者：董志刚[1] DONG Zhi-gang(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《美育学刊》2018年第5期100-105,共6页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"西方美育思想史"(15ZDB024)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：休谟的美学继承了夏夫兹博里、哈奇生和艾迪生,以情感和想象为主线构建一种完整的美学,审美和道德的关系也是其中一个重要论题。与前人一样,他从心理学层面表明,审美需要一种无功利的态度,这种态度帮助人们在道德判断中摒弃个体利益,确立固定的道德观念。但其创新之处在于,他在社会交往的情境中理解审美与道德的关系。在这种视野中,一方面美是一种功能性的概念,可以包含功利性的内容,将它们转化为想象的快乐;另一方面审美是社会交往的展开方式,也是道德观念的生成方式和体现方式。因此审美活动建构道德实践,道德实践也制约审美活动。审美扩大同情的范围,有助于正义的实现,而正义的作用在于为个人追求快乐提供保障;审美有利于塑造高雅的道德,而道德的礼貌法则也制约审美,确定趣味的标准。Based on Shaftesbury, Hutcheson and Addison, Hume constructed a complete aesthetic psychology with the focus on emotion and imagination, among which the relationship between beauty and virtue was an important issue. Hume ac- knowledged that beauty should depend on the disinterested attitude; however, he did not reject the utility of beauty, but car- ried out a hedonist aesthetics in some sense, which is the starting point of his explanation of the relationship between beauty and virtue. From this perspective, on one hand, beauty is regarded as a functional concept full of utilitarian content; on the other hand, the aesthetic behaves as a way of social communication, as well as a generation mode and expression form of moral concept. Therefore, the aesthetic is supposed to construct the moral practice, which in turn restricts the aesthetic activ- ity. In addition, the aesthetic expands the scope of empathy, thus contributing to the realization of justice, which is a guar- antee for the individual to pursue the pleasure of beauty. Moreover, the aesthetic helps to develop the polite moral manners conditioned by the rule of decorum, which sets the criteria for interest.

关 键 词：休漠 美 德 享乐主义 礼貌 

分 类 号：B561.291[哲学宗教—外国哲学]