审美与政治之间回环往复的“韵律”——弗·詹姆逊的生产性文学批评  

The Circular Rhythm between Aesthetics and Politics—— F. Jameson’s Productive Literary Criticism

作　　者：姚文放[1] YAO Wen fang

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第9期140-148,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“作为‘艺术生产’的文学批评研究”(17ZDA271)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：弗·詹姆逊的生产性文学批评从创立“元评论”概念起步，以鲜明的历吏主义取向和阐释的生产性为要义。詹姆逊谋求“元评论”的丰富性、当代性和开放性，认为这正是“未来文化生产”虚席以待的。詹姆逊吸收戈德曼的“发生学结构主义”，指出被结构主义描述为独立自足的语言结构背后都有一个更大的历史结构作为支撑，从语言结构向更大的历史结构同构类推的批评模式恰恰能够生产出比文学作品的词语结构多得多的东西，对于法律体系、政治意识形态、市场组织形式等方方面面产生推力，从而显示了强大的生产性、增殖性和建构性。詹姆逊上述种种探索和创新，最终目的在于建构一种新型的阐释模式，他提出了文学与其社会基础之间“三个同心框架”的理论，注重发挥文学批评的主导作用，从主体的观念出发来阐发和重建文本对象，从而达成对于文本意义的倍增性产出。对于历史主义取向的强化使得詹姆逊往往十分高调地推重文学批评的政治阐释，但这并不意味着对艺术作品审美形式和艺术规律的弃绝。他根据弗洛伊德学说提出“政治无意识”的概念，将文学定义为“社会的象征性行为”，从而确认在审美与政治之间回环往复的“韵律”乃是生产性文学批评的最佳状态。The productive literary criticism of F. Jameson, which starts from the concept of ＂meta-commentary＂ and takes the distinct historical orientation and the productive nature of interpretation as the essentials, strives for the richness, contemporariness and openness of ＂meta-commentary＂ and thinks that it reserves precisely a seat for the ＂future cultural production＂. Jameson indicates that the linguistic structure described by structuralism as independent and self-sufficient actually has a larger historical structure as a support and the critical model of analogy from linguistic structure to larger historical structure, which produces exactly more things than the verbal structure of literary works, self-verifies its strong productivity. Jameson＇s explorations and innovations above are aimed at constructing a new type of interpretation model which includes the theory of ＂three concentric frameworks＂ between literature and its social foundation, the development of the leading role of literary criticism, and the multiplicative output of textual meaning by elucidating and reconstructing text objects originating from the concept of subject. The strengthening of the historicism orientation makes Jameson tend to emphasize the political interpretation of literary criticism in a very high-profile manner, but this does not mean the rejection of the aesthetic form and artistic law of artistic works. He proposes the concept of ＂the political unconscious＂ and defines literature as ＂symbolic behavior of society＂ which confirm that the circular ＂rhythm＂ between aesthetics and politics is the best state of productive literary criticism.

关 键 词：生产性文学批评 弗·詹姆逊 审美 政治 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]