亚里士多德的分类学和近代生物学分类  

Aristotle’s Categorization and Its Survival in Modern Biology

作　　者：张汉良 Han-liang Chang

出　　处：《符号与传媒》2018年第2期1-25,共25页Signs & Media

摘　　要：分类性的定义是亚里士多德逻辑的基础,盖分类为世界系统和语言系统建立对应关系,或透过语言为世界建码的工程。《范畴篇》关注＂元类＂（γενοs）、＂次类＂（εíδοs）和＂区分特质＂（δlαφορατ）这三元项的逻辑关系,这是西方分类学的开始。随着古典后期和中世纪的注疏,它影响了近代生物学的分类,18世纪的林奈为集其大成者。本文将从《范畴篇》出发,考察亚氏分类理则对后世的启发,及其修正扬弃,重点在探索亚氏分类概念对林奈代表的近代（前达尔文）生物分类学的影响,最后检讨达尔文和福柯对林奈分类系统的回应。Classification is the foundation of Aristotelian logic. The first book of the organon, On Categories, discusses the relationship of genus, species and differentia, and it lays the foundation for Western theory and praxis of taxonomy. Through late Classical and Medieval exegeses, Aristotle＇s logic of classification has exerted considerable influence on post-Renaissance writings of natural history, which culminated in the works of Carl von Linne The paper discusses Aristotle＇s concept of classification outlined in his its reception by and survival in early modern On Categories, traces and modern natural historians, and examines its critiques by Darwin and Foucault

关 键 词：亚里士多德 林奈 达尔文 福柯 《范畴篇》 知识树 元类 次类 符号编码 

分 类 号：Q19[生物学—普通生物学]