论审美幻相的理论特质  

On the Theoretical Connotation of Aesthetic Mahamaya

作　　者：汤凌云[1] Tang Lingyun(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Hunan Institute of Science and Technology,Yueyang 414006,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南理工学院中国语言文学学院,湖南岳阳414006

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期63-72,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2017年度湖南省社会科学基金一般项目"般若空观与中唐审美趣味转向研究"(项目编号:17YBA203)的阶段性成果;2018年度湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般资助课题"禅宗心性论与北宋中期审美观念转型研究"(项目编号:XSP18YBZ096)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：审美幻相区别于西方心理学、图像学意义上的审美幻象或幻觉效果,也不同于奠基于老庄哲学的象外之象。它在中国美学和艺术领域的出场受到"形相虚空""于相而离相""即相显性"的等佛教禅宗思想的影响,其理论特质主要包括"相无定相""即幻悟真""游戏自在"这三层内涵。审美幻相的出场不仅深化了超越形似的传统,拓宽了文人艺术形式的表现力,而且激活了张扬个体自性和注重瞬间感悟的创造精神,丰富了艺术意境的形而上蕴涵。在当今全球化时代和社会转型时期,梳理"审美幻相"这一概念,能为建设既立足于民族文化传统,又富有现代学术价值的美学理论提供参考。As an important key word, aesthetic mahamaya is based on Zen Buddhism＇ s thoughts which can be described as follows ： Firstly, the form of things is empty, and it isn＇ t substantial （ 形相虚空） ; secondly, you can perceive the form of things but you must keep away from it （ 于相而相离 ） ; and thirdly, the true nature can be shown via the form of things （即相显性）. Its theoretical characteristics mainly point to three aspects： Firstly, there is no definite form for things （相无定相） ; secondly, you can miraculously become conscious of the truth by way of appreciating mahamaya （即幻悟真） ; and thirdly, the artists should feel at ease in artistic creation （ 游戏自在）. Therefore, it not only distinguishes itself from the aesthetic illusion or the illusion in the sense of Western psychology and iconography, but also differentiates itself from the category of images beyond images which is based on Taoist philosophy. The appearance of aesthetic mahamaya in traditional Chinese art and aesthetics deepened the tradition of transcending the formal similarity, strengthened the aesthetic functions of personal experience and wisdom, broadened the expressive power of artistic forms, activated the creative spirit of displaying personal individuality and highlighting instantaneous awareness, and enriched the metaphysical connotation of artistic reahn. Through sorting out and exploiting such a key word as ＂ aesthetic mahamaya＂ in the era of globalization and social transformation, this paper may provide a reference for the construction of an aesthetic theory which is based on our national cultural tradition and also of modern academic value.

关 键 词：审美幻相 理论特质 佛教禅宗 唐宋美学转型 

分 类 号：B83-02[哲学宗教—美学]