城市工资溢价:规模聚集效应与人力资本溢出效应  

Urban Wage Premium: Agglomeration Effect and Human Capital Spillover Effect

作　　者：陈瑛[1] CHEN Ying(Development Institute,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学发展研究院,昆明650091

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2018年第10期86-98,共13页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"社会资本重构与少数民族城镇就业研究"(12XMZ090);云南大学双一流大学建设项目"发展经济学理论创新高地";云南大学人文社会科学校级科研项目"新时期城市工资溢价与劳动力集聚研究"(18YNUGSP018)

摘　　要：基于城市面板数据发现城市工资规模优势在城市层级数据不存在。考虑异质性后对城镇住户调查数据的研究显示,中国城市工资溢价主要发生在特大及超大城市,聚集经济效应与人力资本溢出效应是城市工资溢价的两类作用机制。而这两类效应也主要发生在特大及超大城市。二元分割条件下,相比较于体制内,体制外部门聚集了更多高生产率的劳动者而产生更高的工资溢价;跨越体制的交流与学习机制使得城市人力资本对个体工资的溢出效应在体制内外无显著差异。城市工资溢价主要发生在特大及超大城市的特征表明,中国城市化进程发展仍然滞后,大城市不足的问题依然显著,提升大城市及以下城市的聚集效应与溢出效应、消除制度性壁垒的差异是完善城市体系的主要方向。Based on urban panel data, wage premium （UWP） can be found. After this paper finds out that no city - level data on urban taking heterogeneity into consideration, the investiga- tion data on urban residents show that China＇s UWP mainly happens in megacities and metropolis. The economic aggregation effects and the spillover effects of human capital are two mechanisms of UWP, and the two effects also happen mainly in megacities and metropolitan cities. Given the seg- mentation of the dual labor market, the UWP of the out - system is higher than that of the in - sys- tem due to the gathering of more workers with high productivity. In addition, there is no significant difference in the spillover effect of human capital on individual wage between the two systems due to cross - system communication and mutual learning. The feature of UWP that is mainly happens in megacities and metropolitan cities show that China＇s urbanization development is not quick e- nough, and the lack of large cities is still a big problem. Therefore, improving the agglomeration effect and spillover effect of large cities, medium - sized cities or even small cities, and elimina- ting the difference of institutional barriers are the main directions to perfect the urban system.

关 键 词：城市工资溢价 规模经济 聚集效应 人力资本外部性 溢出效应 

分 类 号：F126.2[经济管理—世界经济]