灾荒、地权转移与阶层流动——以20世纪二三十年代关中9村为中心  

On Famine, Landownership Transferring and Mobility of Social Stratum:Case Study of Nine Villages in Central Shaanxi Plain in the 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：赵牟云 Zhao Mouyun

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2018年第4期139-146,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;课题名称"近代关中地权结构及其演变"(批准号:2017CSZ018)

摘　　要：关中9村农家经济变迁资料显示,20世纪二三十年代发生的大旱灾对关中农村的地权转移具有双重影响,即在受灾农村社区内部土地占有的分散化,以及与之相关联的整个社会层面土地占有的集中化。两者从不同侧面加重了小农经济的恶化,以凤翔5村为代表的农村社区内部阶层以下向流动为主说明了这点。在受灾相对较轻的渭南4村,阶层上向流动亦达到一定规模,这表明上述农村社区内部并无固定的社会阶层,阶层分化程度极其之低以及在此基础上的小农经济的不稳定性,这些正是以自耕小农为主的农村社区的显要特征。总体而言,此次大旱并未从根本上改变关中以自耕小农为主的社会结构。The documents about the economic changes of nine villages in central Shaanxi Plain reveal that the drought happened in the 1920s and 1930s had dual influences on the landownership transferring of the rural regions, which means the decentralization of the land occupation in the drought-stricken villages and the centralization of the land occupation in the entire region. These two phenomena made the peasant economy worsening from different aspects, which can be seen obviously from the five villages＇ downward trend in Fengxiang county. By contrast, in the four villages of Weinan county which suffered relatively less drought the upward trend reached a certain scale, revealing the low class differentiation and the unstable situation of the peasant economy--the principal traits for small peasant economy communities. It concludes that the social structure of central Shaanxi plain mainly consisting of the occupying owners was not altered radically by the devastating drought.

关 键 词：灾荒 地权转移 阶层流动 农家经济 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]