特征的呈现方式对类别学习中规则和相似性知识获得的影响  

The Effect of Presenting Mode of Different Features on the Acquisition of Rule-Based and Similarity-Based Knowledge in Category Learning

作　　者：吴洁[1,2] 付秋芳 周晓燕[1,2] 孙洵伟 Wu Jie;Fu Qiufang;Zhou Xiaoyan;Sun Xunwei(State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing,100101)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第5期1031-1038,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：本研究得到中国国家自然科学基金和德国研究基金项目(NSFC61621136008/DFGTRR-169)和国家自然科学基金项目(61632004)的资助.

摘　　要：采用原型变异任务,通过操纵规则和相似性特征的呈现通道,探讨特征的呈现方式对类别学习中规则和相似性知识获得的影响。结果发现,在听觉-视觉条件下,习得规则的人数显著多于习得相似性的人数;而在视觉-听觉和视觉-视觉条件下,则不存在显著差异;且三种条件下,习得规则的正确率均高于习得相似性的正确率。结果说明,特征的呈现方式影响对规则和相似性特征的习得,在听觉通道呈现规则时,被试更倾向基于规则分类。The present study was aimed to explore the effect of presenting mode of different features on the acquisition of rule-based and similarity- based knowledge in category leaming. There were two prominent opposing approaches on what was acquired in category learning： the rule-based approach assumed that the optimal strategy of categorization was easy to verbalize and the category was learned via hypothesis testing, whereas the similarity-based approach assumed that the optimal strategy of categorization was not easy to verbalize and the category was learned through comparing the similarity of the stimulus to the prototype. It was found that the acquisition of rule-based and similarity-based knowledge in category learning was affected by the factors such as the amount of training, working memory, and category structures. Interestingly, it was found recently that participants performed better in the auditory condition than in the visual condition in the rule-based task, but participants performed better in the visual condition than in the auditory condition in the information-integration task. Thus, we expected that the mode in which the features were presented might influence the acquisition of rule-based features and similarity-based features in category learning. To address this issue, a modified prototype distortion task was adopted, in which the category member included one rule-based feature and ten similarity-based features. In the auditory-visual condition, the similarity-based features were from visual stimuli that varied along 10 binary dimensions, while the rule-based feature was from auditory stimuli that was different in pitch. In the visual-visual condition, the similarity-based features were identical to the auditory-visual condition, while the rule-based feature was defined by the gray scale of the background of the visual stimulus. In the visual-auditory condition, the rule-based feature was identical to the visual-visual condition, while the similarity-based features were from auditory stimuli that

关 键 词：多通道 类别学习 规则 相似性 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]