A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry  

作　　者：Erfan Soliman Sarujan Ranjan Tianyou Xu Carol Gee Aidan Harker Alvaro Barrera John Geddes 

机构地区：[1]Department of Engineering Sciences, Institute of BiomedicalEngineering, Old Road Campus Research Building,University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK [2]Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK [3]Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK

出　　处：《Bio-Design and Manufacturing》2018年第3期161-170,共10页生物设计与制造（英文）

摘　　要：There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.

关 键 词：Intramuscular injection GLUTEAL SUBCUTANEOUS Ultrasound Computed tomography ANTIPSYCHOTIC 

分 类 号：Q66[生物学—生物物理学]