论人民法院对民事习惯法的适用  

On Judicial Application of Civil Customary Law by People's Courts

作　　者：高其才[1] Gao Qi-cai(Law School of Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《政法论丛》2018年第5期83-92,共10页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九大精神国家社科基金专项课题"健全自治;法治;德治相结合的乡村治理体系研究"(项目批准号:18VSJ064;首席专家:高其才)的阶段性成果;清华大学自主科研计划文科专项W04-文化传承研究专项"全面推进依法治国进程中的村规民约研究"(项目批准号:2015THZWWH01;课题负责人:高其才)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：2017年10月1日起施行的《民法总则》第10条规定:"处理民事纠纷,应当依照法律;法律没有规定的,可以适用习惯,但是不得违背公序良俗。"这直接确认了习惯法为我国民法的法源,为人民法院适用民事习惯法提供了更为明确的法律根据。人民法院适用民事习惯法解决纠纷有助于克服制定法的局限,也是尊重民族传统、民族文化的体现,有助于法律与社会生活的一致和协调。人民法院适用民事习惯法的条件包括民事习惯法的长期性、共知性、内心确信性、可证明性等积极条件和不违反法律的强制性规定、不违反公序良俗等消极条件。人民法院适用民事习惯法的方式包括直接采用和解释法律、司法调解等间接方式。人民法院对民事习惯法适用的效力主要表现为优先于制定法、补充制定法、解释制定法等方面。需要通过讨论、培训促进司法共同体对此问题形成共识,进一步重视司法实践中民事习惯法的适用问题。Article 10 of the General Rules of Civil Law, which came into effect on October 1, 2017, stipu- lates ： ＂Any civil dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the law ; in the absence of relevant provisions set forth in the law, usual practice may be followed, but the public order and good customs shall not be infringed upon.＂ It directly confirms that the customary law is the legal source of our civil law and provides a clearer legal basis for the people＇ s courts to apply civil customary law. The application of civil customary law to resolve disputes by the peo- ple＇ s courts helps to overcome the limitations of the statute, and it is also a manifestation of respecting national tradi- tions and national cultures, and contributing to the unanimity and coordination of law and social life. The conditions for the application of civil customary law by the people＇ s courts include the continuance, common-sense, inner- confidence, provable and other positive conditions of civil customary law, non-violation of the mandatory provisions of the law, and non-violating the negative conditions of public order and good customs. The methods used by the people＇s courts to apply civil customary law include direct adoption and indirect methods such as interpretation of law and judicial mediation. The effectiveness of the people＇ s courts in the application of civil customary law is mainly in preference to the statute, complementing statute, and explaining statute. It is necessary to promote consensus a- mong the judicial community through discussion and training on this issue, and pay more attention to the application of civil customary law in judicial practice.

关 键 词：人民法院 民事习惯法 适用 

分 类 号：DF03[政治法律—法学理论]