温度、气调和熏蒸处理对咖啡豆象的致死效果试验  

The lethal effects of temperature treatment, carbon dioxide(CO_2) enriched atmosphere and ethyl formate fumigation against Araecerus fasciculatus(De Geer)

作　　者：黄茜 何时雨[2] 李静[2] 覃新导[2] HUANG Xi;HE Shi-yu;LI Jing;QIN Xin-dao(College of Environment and Plant Protection,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Guangzhou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510890,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院广州实验站,广东广州510890

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2018年第10期98-105,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-11);中国热带农业科学院院本级基本科研业务费专项资金(1630042015014)

摘　　要：研究了高低温处理、CO_2气调、甲酸乙酯熏蒸3种方法在不同处理时间下对咖啡豆象幼虫、蛹和成虫的致死效果。结果表明:高温处理咖啡豆象3种虫态的耐受性表现为成虫<蛹<幼虫,其中,60℃处理2.5 h,咖啡豆象成虫和蛹的校正死亡率为100%,幼虫的校正死亡率也达到98.3%;60℃处理3 h,幼虫的校正死亡率达到100%。低温处理时,咖啡豆象3种虫态对低温的耐受能力存在一定差异,以蛹的耐受性最低,其中0℃处理3种虫态完全死亡均在256 h,-5℃处理需超过128 h,-10℃处理仅需32 h,-15℃及以下温度处理则在4 h以内。气调处理时,当CO_2浓度分别为40%、65%、80%时,咖啡豆象成虫分别在5、4、3 d后即全部死亡;而幼虫在80%CO_2处理6 d后的校正死亡率才达到100%,因此,在同等条件下咖啡豆象幼虫比成虫更能适应低氧环境。甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理,对咖啡豆象不同虫态的熏蒸效果表现为蛹<幼虫<成虫。在甲酸乙醋浓度为35μL/L时,咖啡豆象成虫和幼虫在熏蒸处理36 h和48 h后死亡率即达到100%,而蛹的死亡率分别为86.7%和88.3%;当甲酸乙醋浓度为30μL/L时,成虫和幼虫在熏蒸处理60 h后死亡率达到100%,此时蛹的死亡率也达到88.3%。表明咖啡豆象幼虫、蛹和成虫的校正死亡率均随着处理温度的升高,CO_2、甲酸乙酯浓度的升高及处理时间的增加而提高,在合适条件,3种处理方法对仓储咖啡豆象均有较好的防控效果。This study examined the lethal effects of temperature treatment, carbon dioxide （CO2） enriched atmosphere and ethyl formate fumigation against larvae, pupa and adults of Araecerus fasciculatus （De Geer）under different treatment time. The results are summarized as followed： in the high-temperature treatment, the tolerance of A· fasciculatus of three stages was： adult〈pupa 〈larva. After 2.5 h of the treatment at 60℃ , the coifected mortality rates of adult and pupa were 100%. That of larvae＇ also reached 98.3%, which increased to 100% after 3 h of treatment. In the low-temperature treatment, the tolerance of the three stages differed to an extent. The pupa demonstrated the least tolerance. At 0℃, the required time of complete death of all three stages of A·fasciculatus was 256 h; At -5℃ , therequired time was 128 h; At -10℃, the time dropped to 32 h; At -15℃ or lower temperature, the complete death of all three stages was within 4 h. In the treatment by carbon dioxide （CO2） enriched atmosphere, when the concentrations of CO2 reached 40%, 65%, and 80%, the adults of A · fasciculatus died after 5 d, 4 d, and 3 d, respectively. By contrast, the eoiTeeted mortality of the larvae reached 100% at 80% concentration of CO2 after treating for 6 days. Therefore, under the same conditions, the larvae of A · fasciculatus were more suitable for the low-oxygen environment than the adults. In the treatment by ethyl fomlate fumigation, the effectiveness of ethyl fomlate on the different stages was： pupa 〈larva 〈 adult. At a concentration of 35 tx L/L, the mortality of adult and larvae reached 100% after fumigated for 36 h and 48 h, while the mortality of pupa was 86.7% and 88.3%, respectively. At a concentration of 30 tx L/L, the mortality of adults and larvae reached 100% after fumigated for 60 h, while the mortality rate of the pupa also reached 88.3%. The results above indicated that the eoiTeeted mortality rates of larvae, pupa and adults of A·fasciculatus increase as the temperature

关 键 词：咖啡豆象 仓储害虫 温度 熏蒸 甲酸乙酯 气调 二氧化碳 

分 类 号：S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]