《中庸》“慎其独”说及其相关问题  

The “Cautiousness” of Zhongyong and Its Related Issues

作　　者：于述胜[1] YU Shu-sheng(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学报》2018年第5期92-101,共10页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点课题<先秦儒家"意义-感通"的教化哲学研究>(课题批准号:15AZX009)的系列成果之一

摘　　要：《中庸》的"慎其独"说是儒家修养论的重要命题,也是学术史上争论不休的重要话题。针对古今诠释的主要分歧,本着以《庸》释《庸》、以经释经之原则,可以认为,"慎其独"是整个诚敬工夫(即戒惧工夫)的重要方面,它以隐微即见显为前提,以纯化人的意向情感为基本内涵,以"礼"为用功的现实依据。朱子以"存养—省察"为框架所进行的诠释,既歪曲了《中庸》本义,其本身也存在明显的理论缺陷,把儒家平易可行的修养理论导向神秘主义。＂Junzi is cautious when is alone＂（Cautiousness）is an important proposition of the Confucian theory of Moral Cultivation of the Zhongyong;it is also an important topic causing controversy in Chinese academic history.By focusing on the main divergences displayed by ancient and modern interpreters,and following the principle of interpreting Zhongyong by referring to the text of the Zhongyong,interpreting Confucian Classics by referring to texts of Classic,it is argued in this paper that＂Cautiousness＂is a significant part of the complete Moral Effort of Sincerity（namely the moral effort of Vigilance）.The theoretical premise of Cautiousness is ＂there is nothing more visible than what is secret,and nothing more manifest than what is minute＂;the basic connotation is to purify one＇s intentions and feelings;and the practical resource of personal effort is Li（the Rule of Propriety）.Zhu Xi＇s interpretation which was basedon his＂Preserving and Watchfulness＂framework（i.e.,Giving full development of one＇s heart to nourish the moral nature,and watching over any wicked intentions）,not only deviates from the original meaning of Zhongyong,but also has the inherent defect,which misguides the approachable Confucian theory of Self Cultivation to the mysterious realm.

关 键 词：《中庸》 慎独 莫显乎隐 莫显乎微 “存养—省察”工夫 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]