在“立言”与“立功”之间——刘基的人格理想、学术旨趣与文学思想之关联  

In Between Establishing Words(Liyan) and Establishing Accomplishments(Ligong)——The Connection between Personality Ideal,Academic Interests and Literary Thoughts of Liu Ji

作　　者：李春青[1] LI Chunqing(Center for Literary Studies,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文艺学研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2018年第4期95-103,188,共10页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程重大项目"中华思想通史.文艺思想编.明代卷"

摘　　要：刘基是明朝的开国功臣,是政治家、军事家,但他又是位真正的文人,这两种身份之间存在着相互影响的关系。就人格理想而言,刘基是要做张良、诸葛亮那样辅佐君主建立不朽功业、能够"尊主庇民"的政治家。但鲜明的文人习性却使他壮志难酬,朱明王朝立国之后难以有所作为,只能郁郁而终。刘基这种人格理想表现在学术上是对"理"与"气"及其关系的高度重视与阐发;表现在文学思想上则是对"理""气""讽喻"三个关键词的强调与富有新意的理解。在人生命运方面刘基和宋濂有诸多相似之处,他们都是明初最有代表性的文人,二人又是惺惺相惜的好友,因此以宋濂的人格理想、学术旨趣以及文学思想为参照来理解刘基,或许可以更加凸显其独特性。Liu Ji was one of the founding statesmen of Ming dynasty. He was a politician,a militarist,and in the meantime a real man of letters. There is an interactive relationship between the two kinds of identities. As far as personality ideal is concerned,Liu Ji was a politician like Zhang Liang and Zhuge Liang who assisted the emperors to establish enduring accomplishments and was able to ＂provide shelter for the people while respecting the lord＂. However,the very obvious nature of a man of letters made it difficult for him to fulfill his great aspirations. He was not able to amount to anything after the establishment of Ming dynasty,but died of grief. Reflected in the sphere of learning,Liu Ji＇s personality ideal led to his great emphasis on the concept of principle（li） and vital force（qi）,as well as their connections. Reflected in his literary thoughts,it led to his very innovative understanding of the three key words——principle（li）,vital force（qi） and allegory（fengyu）. When we compare the course of lives of Liu Ji and Song Lian,we found many similarities：they were both representative men of letters in early Ming dynasty,and they were pretty good friends and they did some thinking together. Therefore,using Song Lian＇s personality ideal,academic interests and literary thoughts as reference to understand Liu Ji may be able to further highlight Lu＇s uniqueness.

关 键 词：刘基 宋濂 人格理想 理 气 讽喻 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]