Ocular drug delivery systems:An overview  

作　　者：Ashaben Patel Kishore Cholkar Vibhuti Agrahari Ashim K Mitra Ashaben Patel;Kishore Cholkar;Vibhuti Agrahari;Ashim K Mitra(Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences,School of Pharmacy,University of Missouri-Kansas City,Kansas City,Missouri-64108,United States)

机构地区：Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences,School of Phar-macy,University of Missouri-Kansas City,Kansas City,Mis-souri-64108,United States

出　　处：《World Journal of Pharmacology》2013年第2期47-64,共18页世界药理学杂志

摘　　要：The major challenge faced by today's pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration,especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal,dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also,therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. In the past two decades,ocular drug delivery research acceleratedly advanced towards developing a novel,safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques,which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also,it includes development of conventional topical formulations such as suspensions,emulsions and ointments. Various nanoformulations have also been introduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. On the other hand,for posterior ocular delivery,research has been immensely focused towards development of drug releasing devices and nanoformulations for treating chronic vitreo-retinal diseases. These novel devices and/or formulations may help to surpass ocular barriers and associated side effects with conventional topicaldrops. Also,these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate,no/negligibly irritating,possess high precorneal residence time,sustain the drug release,and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their think process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies. Current review intends to summarize the existing conventional formulations for ocular delivery and their advancements followed by current nanotechnology based formulation developments. Also,recent developments with other ocular drug delivery strategThe major challenge faced by today’s pharmacologistand formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topicaleye drop is the most convenient and patient compliantroute of drug administration, especially for the treat-ment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugsto the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by variousprecorneal, dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also,therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longerduration in target tissues. In the past two decades,ocular drug delivery research acceleratedly advancedtowards developing a novel, safe and patient compli-ant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques,which may surpass these barriers and maintain druglevels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery ad-vances are witnessed by modulation of conventionaltopical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhanc-ers. Also, it includes development of conventional topi-cal formulations such as suspensions, emulsions andointments. Various nanoformulations have also been in-troduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. Onthe other hand, for posterior ocular delivery, researchhas been immensely focused towards development ofdrug releasing devices and nanoformulations for treat-ing chronic vitreo-retinal diseases. These novel devicesand/or formulations may help to surpass ocular barriersand associated side effects with conventional topical drops. Also, these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate, no/negligibly irritating, pos-sess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance ocular bioavailability of thera-peutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug deliv-ery scientists to modulate their think process and de-velop novel and safe drug delivery strategies. Current review intends to summarize the existing conventional formulations for ocular delivery and their advancements followed by current nanotechnology based formulation developments. Also, recent developments with other ocular drug deli

关 键 词：Anatomy and physiology CORNEA Contact lens Drug delivery Eye Emulsions Formulations Im-plants Liposomes Nanomicelles OINTMENTS RETINA SUSPENSIONS 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学] R197[医药卫生—中医学]