科学理论的结构:从范畴论的观点看  

The Structure of Scientific Theories:A Category-theoretic Perspective

作　　者：孙振宇 SUN Zhen-yu(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2018年第11期20-26,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)"Martin-L9f类型论的无穷范畴语义及相关自动定理证明程序的设计"(项目编号17XNH112)

摘　　要：在当代科学哲学中,科学理论的句法观和语义观之争是一个核心问题。句法观指出,科学理论是一个带有部分解释的形式演算系统。语义观指出,科学理论是一族科学模型,以及这些模型与现实世界的同构信息或相似性信息。经典的句法观和语义观忽视了形式演算系统或者科学模型族上的结构,从而可以被看成是平坦科学观。如果在科学理论的经典句法表示和语义表示上赋予适当的结构,则可以论证句法观和语义观不仅是相容的,而且是本质上等价的。这一结构丰化过程是通过对平坦科学观进行范畴提升而实现的;不但如此,范畴论还进一步导出了理论的等价和理论的2-范畴等重要概念。In contemporary philosophy of science,the debate between syntactic and semantic views of scientific theories is a central issue. Syntactic view points out that scientific theories are partially interpreted formal systems. Semantic view states that scientific theories are families of scientific models as well as isomorphic or similar relation with the physical reality. The classical syntactic and semantic views ignore the structure on the formal systems or the model classes and thus can be regarded as ＂ flat＂ views. If we add proper structures to the classical syntactic and semantic formalization of scientific theories,we can argue that syntactic and semantic views are essentially equivalent with each other and that the two are not mutually exclusive. This proper structure is provided by categorical logic,not only so,but it further enlightens important concepts such as theoretical equivalences and the 2-categories of theories.

关 键 词：句法观 语义观 范畴论 范畴逻辑 对偶性 等价性 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]