“自由意志问题”的语境同一论解答  

The Solution of “the Problem of Free Will” in Theory of Contextual Identity

作　　者：魏屹东[1] 武胜国[1] WEI Yidong;WU Shengguo

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第11期18-27,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“科学认知的适应性表征研究”(16AZX006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：历史上关于自由意志的讨论，不仅仅限于哲学领域，也渗透到人类生活的方方面面。人们在对该问题提出精致的哲学和科学论证的同时，也从未停止过对它的质疑。人类是否拥有自由意志，关于这个问题哲学上主要有三种立场：自由意志论、硬决定论与软决定论。这些主张虽然都有各自的论证，但通过对自由意志产生的思想根源进行语境分析就会发现，人类是否拥有自由意志在脱离语境的情况下是一个没有统一答案的问题，因为仅仅从本体论层面看，“自由”与“因果”的矛盾是一个无解的哲学难题。若从语境同一性视角看，将习俗、传统和制度作为语境来规范行为，似乎可给出“自由意志问题”的一种合理的解释。The discussion of free will in history is not only confined to the field of philosophy, but also permeates all aspects of human life. People have never stopped questioning this question while putting forward delicate philosophical and scientific argumentation. There are three philosophical positions on whether human beings have free will： libertarianism, hard determinism and soft determinism. Although all these claims have their own arguments, through the contextual analysis of the ideological roots of free will, it is found that whether human beings have free will is a question that has no unified answer in the case of being out of context, because the contradiction between ＂ freedom＂ and ＂ causality＂ is an unsolvable philosophical problem only from the ontological point of view. From the perspective of contextual identity, it seems that a reasonable explanation of ＂free will problem＂ can be given by using custom, tradition and institution as context to regulate behavior.

关 键 词：自由意志 决定论 相容论 道德责任 语境同一论 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]