立破之间——公孙龙“白马非马”的说理分析  

Between “Founded” and “Unfounded”:Analysis of Gongsun Long's Argument of “White Horse Being Not A Horse”

作　　者：郭桥[1] GUO Qiao

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期108-126,共19页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中国古代名辩学的结构体系研究"[项目编号:13BZX067];河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划[项目编号:2015-CXTD-01]

摘　　要："白马非马"是中国名辩学发展史上一个典型论题。《公孙龙子》一书中的《白马论》保存有关于该论题的详细论证。这些论证,既包括立足于"名"的层面进行分析,也包括在"辞""说""辩"层面予以讨论。汉代学者司马谈关于名家思维具有"专决于名"之特点的断定,至少就公孙龙的白马论而言存在以偏概全之嫌。公孙龙在《白马论》中对"白马非马"的论证,具有诉诸对话、名墨兼通、重视而不囿于"名"之分析的特点。立足于《白马论》的文本世界对"白马非马"的说理展开分析,这一研究在整体上接续了近代以来"由内视内""据中释中"的传统文化研究路径。这一研究的开展,事先不预设任何理论,不选取《名实论》《指物论》或者《坚白论》等。《公孙龙子》中《白马论》之外的其他篇目作为特定观测点,而是紧紧围绕《白马论》一文中有关对话的展开予以考察。进而,这一研究取向和近代以来学术界盛行的"据西释中"之传统典籍研究模式相比,可谓更加容易"与立说之古人,处于同一境界"。“White Horse Being Not A Horse” is a typical argument in ancient Chinese logic. This argument is included in detail in the book “Gongsun Longzi”, which makes an analysis at the level of “name” and conducts discussions at the levels of “wording”, “illustration” and “defense”. Sima Tan, a scholar in the Han Dynasty, made an assumption of famous people’s thoughts focusing on naming, which seems a little over-generalized, at least in the sense of Gongsun Long’s “White Horse Argument”. We think that Gongsun Long’s argument is a dialogue with other schools, a combination of naming and Mohism, and emphasis on but not confinement to naming. This traditional argument of “White Horse Being Not A Horse” makes an internal analysis from inside and illustrates Chinese concepts in terms of Chinese situations. Frankly speaking, the traditional approach is better than the present practice of exploring Chinese phenomena by means of western ideas, for the former lays emphasis on ancient people and context.

关 键 词：白马非马 公孙龙 对话 说理方法 说理特点 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]