“存在论转向”与方法论革命——关于马克思主义哲学本体论研究中的几个问题  

“Change in Direction of Doctrine of Being” and Revolution of Methodology ——Several Problems Concerning Research on Ontology of Marxist Philosophy

作　　者：孙伯鍨 刘怀玉[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系 [2]河南省社会科学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2002年第5期14-24,共11页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：关于马克思主义哲学本体论问题的讨论 ,始于重建教科书体系探索中的“物质本体论”与“实践本体论”之争 ,近来则有融入现代哲学范式的“存在论转向”和“生存本体论”之说。本文通过分析马克思对传统本体论哲学的批判 ,侧重剖析马克思的社会存在论与海德格尔的基础存在论之分歧 ,认为马克思主义哲学的革命意义主要不在于从近代认识论走向现代本体论 ,也不在于以一种新型的本体论体系取代了西方传统的本体论。马克思主义哲学的特质在于 :立足于当代社会实践 ,而对人们的现实生活条件和历史发展进程进行科学考察和反思批判 。Discussions of ontology in Marxist philosophy began with the dispute over “physical ontology” and “practical ontology” in the course of reconstructing textbook systems. More recently, there have been arguments over a “change in direction of doctrine of being” and “ontology of subsistence” that are fused in the modern philosophical paradigm. Through an analysis of Marx's criticism of traditional philosophy of ontology, this paper focuses on the differences between Marx's “doctrine of social being” and Martin Heidegger's “doctrine of basic being.” The authors hold that the revolutionary significance of Marxist philosophy does not lie mainly in its march from older epistemology to modern ontology, nor in substituting a new ontological system for the Western traditional ontology. The essence of Marxist philosophy is that it starts from man's material practice to explain man's social being and conceptions and that, through scientific investigation and reflective criticism of man's actual living conditions and historical development, it strives for the ultimate emancipation of the proletariat and all mankind. It is a scientific methodology with the aim of thoroughly transforming the world with its critical spirit.

关 键 词：方法论 历史辩证法 马克思主义哲学 生存本体论 海德格尔 社会存在论 西方哲学 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B5[哲学宗教—哲学理论]