学龄前儿童营养状况及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the nutritional status of preschool children in Xian

作　　者：王维清[1] 侯如兰[1] 马晶昕 郭晓燕 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院儿童青少年卫生学教研室,710061 [2]陕西省体委科研所

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2004年第6X期63-65,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的 :了解西安市城乡学龄前儿童的营养状况。方法 :采用整群抽样方法 ,选取身高、体重二项指标 ,按 WHO推荐的参照标准 ,分别计算每一儿童的年龄别身高、年龄别体重和身高别体重的 Z分。运用 SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 :学龄前儿童身体营养状况存在明显的城乡差异和性别差异 ,各项 Z分均值均以城市男童为最高 ,乡村女童最低 ,而生长迟缓和低体重发生率则是乡村女童最高 ,城市男童最低 ,乡村男童和城市女童居中。城市男童长期和近期营养状况良好 ,城女和乡男长期营养状况稍差 ,而乡村女童长期和近期营养状况均欠佳。城市儿童尚存在营养过剩趋势。除了上述类似结果外 ,多因素分析还显示 ,父亲职业、母亲文化程度对儿童营养状况的影响。结论 :在儿童保健工作中 ,应重视改善乡村女童的营养状况 ,同时还需注意城市儿童肥胖的预防。Objective:To study the nutritional status of preschool children in Xian.Methods:Cluster sampling method was applied to collect data of preschool children in survey of 1998.Z scores of height for age,weight for age and weight for height were respectively calculated according to the reference standards recommended by WHO.The statistical software SPSS 11.0 was used to analyze the data of 1998.Results:It was found that there were significant differences of nutritional status of children between urban and rural and between male and female in Xian.The mean values of all Z-scores of urban boys were the highest while those of rural girl were the lowest.However the prevalence rates of stunting and underweight of rural girl were the highest while those of urban boys were the lowest.It was shown that the long-term and recent nutritional status of urban boys were good while those of rural girls and the long-term nutrition of urban girls and rural boys were not satisfied.There was nutritional excess among urban children.Besides the similar results as upon,it was shown by multi-factors analysis that their father's job and mother's education also influenced the nutritional status of children.Conclusion:It is necessary to improve the nutritional status of rural girls meanwhile the prevention of obesity among urban children should be paid attention to in the future.It was positive effects for children's nutrition to promoting self-cultivation of their parents.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 营养 评价方法 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]