西方文化史中的人与动物关系研究  

On Relationship Between Human and Animals in History of Western Culture

作　　者：江山[1] 胡爱国[2] Jiang Shan;Hu Aiguo

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学外国语学院德语系 [2]南昌航空大学外国语学院英语系

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第2期22-31,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2015年国家社会科学基金项目“德国环境史研究”(15BSS026);2013年江西省研究生教改项目“德语专业硕士研究生生态文明理论类课程建设创新研究”(JXYJG2013086)

摘　　要：从某种意义上说,在西方文化史中,人与动物的关系可以说就是一部西方文明史,它的多样性、复杂性、矛盾性无不反映在西方人社会生活的各个方面。他们或让动物为自己劳动,或提供食物,或陪伴狩猎,或消遣娱乐,将动物划分为"可食用"和"不可食用"动物、"可驯服"和"不可驯服"动物、"有用"和"有害"动物甚至"美"和"丑"的动物,这些思想在西方宗教、道德伦理、文学、造型艺术、音乐以及科学研究中都有表露。可以说,他们在将动物作为自己亲密伙伴的同时,又将其视为自己的奴役对象和劳动工具。所以,在整个农业文明时代和工业文明时代,人类就一直和动物处在一种既相互亲密又彼此敌视的矛盾关系中。与此同时,西方文化史中这种落后的人类中心主义思想也促使我们需要对人与动物的关系作一个正确的思考,因为它已成为当今生态文明时代进步的一个巨大障碍。面对今天环境不断恶化、动物濒临灭绝的现实,历史赋予我们人类以新的任务,要求我们人类在生态文明时代的今天认真思考:如何与动物缔结友好条约,赋予它们完全的合法地位;如何以一种谦卑、友好和平等的态度与动物和谐相处,赋予动物以生态民主权利,让其和其他自然万物一道协同进化。这是我们在人类文明新阶段应认真思考并亟待解决的问题,而生态整体主义思想为这个问题的解决可提供新的启发和参考。To some extent, in the history of Western culture, the relationship between human and animals serves asthe epitome of the history of Western civilization in the sense that its diversity, complexity, and contradiction arereflected in every aspect of social life of Westerners. Animals are treated as laborers, sources of food, companions ofhunting, or sources of amusement, classified as edible and non?edible, tamable and non?tamable, useful and harmful,and even beautiful and ugly. These ideas are shown in Western religions, moral ethics, literature, plastic arts, musicand scientific research, to name just a few. While taking animals as their intimate companions, humans regard themas enslaved objects and labor tools. Therefore, during the eras of agricultural civilization and industrial civilization,the relationship between human and animals has been one of both mutual intimacy and hostility. That backwardanthropocentrism in the history of Western culture impels us to reconsider the relationship between human andanimals, as it has become a barrier to the progress of current ecological civilization. Confronted with currentenvironmental deterioration, and animal endangerment, humans are historically entrusted with new missions, whichrequires us to find solutions to the following issues in the current phase of eco?civilization progress: how to enter into friendly treaties with animals, how to endow animals with legitimate status and ecological democratic rights, how tocoexist harmoniously with animals in a modest, friendly, and equal way so that they can co?evolve with other naturalcreatures. To deal with problems above, ecological holism can function as new instructive references and satisfactorysolutions.

关 键 词：人 动物 人类朋友 奴役工具 西方文化史 生态整体主义 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]