鸠摩罗什音译名称汉化之误考  

Wrong Examination of Chinese Transliteration of Kumarajiva

作　　者：元文广[1] YUAN Wen-guang(School of Humanities,Xian Aeronautical University, Xian 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航空学院人文学院,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《西安航空学院学报》2016年第6期3-6,共4页Journal of Xi’an Aeronautical Institute

基　　金：西安航空学院校级科研项目(2016KY2220)

摘　　要：鸠摩罗什对于印度大乘佛教在中国内地的传播做出了重要贡献。然而对于这样一个极为重要的佛教人物的材料传承过程中,暴露出一个中土文献普遍存在的问题:在汉化过程中人们将鸠摩罗什这一梵文音译名称错误地简称为"罗什"。通过研究,鸠摩罗什被简称为"罗什"是不符合梵文原意的。在梵文中,鸠摩罗什是由"鸠摩罗"和"什"两部分构成,"鸠摩罗"是一个不可分隔的词组,梵文为Kumāra,而"什"的梵文为jīva。由此可见,"罗什"的简称纯属中土人士从本民族的语言思维习惯出发得出的一个新的代名词,属于梵文人名音译在汉化过程中的一个失误,这一失误造成了人们对鸠摩罗什名称的误解。Kumarajiva made the great contribution to the propagation of Indian Mahayana in China's mainland.However, there is a common problem in the Chinese literature,namely that the Chinese transliterationof "Kumarajiva" is briefed into ‘‘罗什” incorrectly. Through research, the paper posits that the briefedname “罗什” is inconsistent with the original meaning of Sanskrit, in which "Kumarajiva" is composed ofKumara and jlva (f f ). Therefore,it can be concluded that the briefed name is a new pronouncoined by Chinese scholars according to the linguistic and thinking habits of the Chinese nation,a mistakein the Chinese transliteration of names from Sanskrit. The mistake results in people's misunderstanding of the name "Kumarajiva".

关 键 词：鸠摩罗什 鸠摩罗炎 耆婆 音译 梵文 汉化 罗什 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学] H13[语言文字—汉语]