上海市垂钓鱼重金属污染特征与食用安全性  

Contamination of heavy metals in game fishes in Shanghai and fish consumption safety assessment

作　　者：张菲菲[1] 杨善卿[1] 徐焱平 周政[1] 黄清辉[1] ZHANG Fei-fei;YANG Shan-qing;XU Yan-ping;ZHOU Zheng;HUANG Qing-hui(Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University,Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第2期754-760,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中瑞国际合作重大项目(CHEMSTRRES-YRD);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071301)

摘　　要：2015年在上海市6个不同环境特征的垂钓点采集了7种共87条野生鱼类样品,经样品前处理后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和DMA-80直接汞分析仪对这些垂钓鱼肌肉样品中的铬、镉、铜、铅、镍、锌、砷和汞等8种重金属含量进行测定,分析了垂钓鱼类中重金属的赋存特征,并进行了鱼类重金属污染状况和食用安全性评估.结果显示,鱼体肌肉中各种重金属质量比的范围分别为:Cr0.24~2.68mg/kg(湿重,下同);As低于0.47mg/kg;Cd低于0.31mg/kg;Pb低于1.43mg/kg;Hg 0.02~0.42mg/kg;Ni 0.01~0.89mg/kg;Cu0.15~12.30mg/kg;Zn 4.3~85.7mg/kg;其中Cr、Cd、Pb和Hg 4种重金属各有20%左右垂钓鱼样品中含量超过食品/水产品质量安全限值.鲶鱼和黄颡的重金属污染较重,鲤鱼和鲈鱼次之,草鱼和鲫鱼污染轻微,麦穗鱼接近于正常;工业区鱼类污染较重,市区河道鱼类污染中等,湿地公园鱼类污染较低.总体而言,上海市大部分垂钓鱼类样品的重金属含量尚在食用安全性可接受范围内,但对鲶鱼、黄颡、鲈鱼和鲤鱼的Cr摄入量已接近甚至超过每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI),存在较高风险;对鲶鱼的Hg摄入量接近甚至超过半倍的PTWI值,存在一定风险.Eighty-seven wild game fishes in7species were collected from six fishing sites with different environmentalcharacteristics in Shanghai in2015.After sample preparation,8kinds of heavy metals were analyzed by using inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and DMA-80direct mercury analyzer.And then the occurrence,pollutionstatus of heavy metals in game fishes and the fish consumption safety were discussed.The results showed that theconcentrations of heavy metals in fish muscles ranged as followed:Cr0.24~2.68mg/kg(wet weight,the same below);Asbelow0.47mg/kg;Cd less than0.31mg/kg;Pb less than1.43mg/kg;Hg0.02~0.42mg/kg;Ni0.01~0.89mg/kg;Cu0.15~12.30mg/kg;Zn4.3~85.7mg/kg.Cr,Cd,Pb and Hg in20%of fish samples exceeded the limits of food/aquaticproducts quality and safety standards.The contamination of heavy metals was severe in P.asotus and P.fulvidraco,followed by carp and bass,slightly occurred in grass carp and crucian carp,but not presented in Pseudorasbora parva.The contamination of heavy metals in game fishes was much heavier in industrial zone,followed by urban river,andlower in wetland park.Overall,the concentrations of heavy metals in most game fishes were covered in the acceptablerange for fish consumption safety,but the intakes of Cr from P.asotus,P.fulvidraco,bass and carp would be close to oreven exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI),indicating a higher risk for health.The Hg intake from P.asotus was close to or even more than half of the PTWI value,indicating a risk to some extent.

关 键 词：垂钓鱼 重金属 铬 食用安全性 鲶鱼 黄颡 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]