福斯特生态正义思想的道德哲学意蕴解读  

Moral Philosophical Interpretation on Forster's Ecological Justice

作　　者：陈爱华[1,2] Chen Aihua

机构地区：[1]东南大学科学技术伦理学研究所 [2]东南大学哲学与科学系

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第1期93-102,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2012全国哲学社会科学基金项目"现代科技伦理的应然逻辑研究"(12BZX078);2010全国哲学社会科学重点课题"现代伦理学诸理论形态研究"(10&ZD072);江苏省道德哲学与中国道德发展研究基地项目"高技术道德哲学研究"(20103-01);"科技;伦理与艺术"国家哲学社会科学创新基地研究项目"科学伦理研究"(20103-03)

摘　　要：在《生态危机与资本主义》一书中,福斯特通过"维护生态正义能否超越阶级倾向"的道德哲学辨识,凸显了其中蕴涵的人(环保主义者)与人(林业工人)—环境(原始森林)—资本主义(政府与企业)伦理关系的"生态伦-理形态"应然与实然的生态伦理悖论和生态伦理与资本主义伦理关系的道德范式之间的冲突。由此,他指出,环保主义试图通过超越阶级倾向维护生态正义,在现实中面临着多重困境。通过对马尔萨斯人口论的道德哲学反思,福斯特揭示了马尔萨斯人口论反生态正义的伦理本质。在福斯特看来,无论是过去还是现在的新马尔萨斯主义都是在维护资本主义制度的阶级利益及其道德观(和种族与性别道德观),因而无益于人口—生态问题真正解决。福斯特还指出,颠覆资本逻辑,超越"盈亏底线专制"的思维模式,对于维护生态正义尤为重要。总之,福斯特的生态正义思想蕴涵了其从马克思主义历史辩证法和阶级分析法对资本主义生态危机应然与实然的生态伦理悖论与伦理范式之间冲突的道德哲学审思,不仅具有深刻的批判性,而且具有厚重的历史感和深刻的现实性。因此福斯特关于生态正义的思想无论对于生态正义伦理理论形态建构,还是在解决当代全球诸多的生态问题方面,对于我们美丽中国的建设均有深刻的启示。In Ecological Crisis and Capitalism,Forster highlights the ecological ethic paradox of the to?be and oughtto-be ecological ethical forms about the ethical relations among men(environmentalists)and men(forestry workers),environment(protecting forest)and capitalism(government and enterprises)together with the moral paradigm conflict of ecological ethics and capitalist ethic relationship through the moral philosophy identification of whether the maintaining ecological justice can go beyond class tendency.Therefore,he points out that environmentalists,who attempt to maintain ecological justice by transcending class tendency,are encountering multiple predicaments in thereal world.Reflecting upon Malthusian Theory of Population,Foster reveals its ethical essence of antiecologicaljustice.From his perspective,Neo-Malthusianism,in the past or at present,safeguards capitalists??interests and theirmorality(and racial and gender ethics),so it is impossible to solve the ecological population problem.Foster alsosuggests it is crucially important to maintain ecological justice by overturning the capitalist logic and surpassing thethinking mode of“bottom-line despotism of profit and loss”.In a word,the ecological justice of Foster includes the moral philosophy of the conflict between“ought-to-be”and“to-be”in the ecological crisis of capitalism and moral paradigms derived from historical dialectics and class analysis of Marxism,which has practical as well as historical significance.It left us with a penetrating revelation on constituting the ecological justice theory,solving global ecological problems and building wonderful China.

关 键 词：资本主义 生态正义 道德哲学 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]