亚里士多德论有德性的政治生活  

Aristotle on Virtuous Political Life

作　　者：董波[1] DONG Bo(College of Liberal Arts,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2017年第2期66-71,77,共7页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：什么是属人的幸福或对人而言最好的生活,是亚里士多德伦理学的主题。《尼各马可伦理学》开篇提出,幸福就是灵魂合德性的实现活动,临近结尾处又得出结论:最好的生活是努斯的实现活动——沉思;而遵循实践智慧和道德德性的生活,或者说政治的、实践的生活只是次好的生活。如何理解亚里士多德的这一论述历来充满争议。与沉思生活相比,政治生活存在多方面的固有缺陷,这是由人性和人的境况所决定的。但亚里士多德同时强调,正确理解的政治生活应当以德性而非荣誉为目标,而沉思也只有在城邦生活的基础之上才有可能,因此,属人的幸福就是在城邦生活之中追求德性的完满。What is happiness or the best life for a person is the theme of Aristotle’s ethics.In the beginning of his Nicomachean Ethics,he proves that appiness is the activity of the soul in accord with virtue,and again concludes toward the end that the best life is the activity of nous:contemplation.The life in accord with the practical wisdom and ethical virtues,or the political,practical life is only the second good life.The understanding of this statement has drawn endless debates.Comparing with the contemplative life,the political life reveals manifold defects,resulting from human nature and human conditions.On the other hand,Aristotle maintains that the proper understanding of political life should aim at virtues instead of honor,and contemplation is only possible within the polis.Therefore,human happiness consists in the pursuit of complete virtues in the political life.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 幸福 德性 最好的生活 

分 类 号：G410[文化科学—教育学]