大学生延迟满足策略结构探析  

Structure Exploration on Delay of Gratification Strategies for College Students

作　　者：马世超[1] 丛军[2] 徐瑜姣[3] Ma Shichao;Cong Jun;Xu Yujiao(Department of Psychology, Harbin University;Enrollment and Employment Bureau Harbin University;School of Education, Harbin Normal University)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨学院心理学系 [2]哈尔滨学院招生就业处 [3]哈尔滨师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《当代青年研究》2017年第2期100-104,共5页Contemporary Youth Research

基　　金：黑龙江省教育科学"十二五"规划2013年度重点课题"地方应用型本科高校学生学习满意度调查"的研究成果;项目编号:GBB1213029;黑龙江省教育厅2014年度人文社会科学项目"地方应用型本科高校新生适应性研究"的阶段性成果;项目编号:12544058

摘　　要：延迟满足是甘愿为更有价值的长远目标而放弃即时满足的抉择取向,以及在等待过程中展示出来的自我控制能力。延迟满足的发展是个体完成各种任务、协调人际关系、成功适应社会的必要条件。在需要延迟满足的情境下,个体帮助自己消除或减少因情境所造成的压力,采取各种行为来完成延迟满足,即为延迟满足策略。大学生延迟满足策略至少包括"自我监督、外在攀比、自我规划、远离诱惑和期待定向"5个维度,且与大学生自我控制能力中等程度相关。依据米契尔的冷/热系统延迟满足策略理论,大学生群体的自我延迟满足策略均表现出冷认知系统的特征,体现出大学生对现有情境和长远目标的认知评价过程。随年龄发展,冷系统逐渐在延迟满足策略中起支配作用,并愈发具有"元认知"的成分。Delay of gratification is a willingness to give up the immediate gratification for a more valuable longterm goal and the ability of self-control in the process of waiting.Delay of gratification development is the necessary factor for the individual to complete all kinds of tasks,coordinate interpersonal relationships and successfully adapt to society.In the context of the need to delay of gratification,the individual helps to eliminate or reduce the pressure caused by the situation,to take a variety of actions to complete the delay of gratification,that is,the strategies of delay of gratification,which are consisted of5factors including self-monitoring,external comparison,self-planning,keeping away from temptation,and expectable orientation in college students,and have a middle correlation with self-control.According to Michel’s hot/cool strategy theory,college students’delay of gratification strategies show the characteristics of cool cognitive system,and reflect the cognitive evaluation process to present situation and long-term goal.With the development of the age,the cool system gradually plays a dominant role in the delay of gratification strategies,and it has more and more components of metacognition.

关 键 词：大学生 延迟满足 结构 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]