问“乔布斯之问”:以什么衡量教育信息化作用  

Queries Towards "Jobs' Question":What the Criterion is to Measure the Development of Educational Informatization

作　　者：李芒[1] 孔维宏[2] 李子运[1] LI Mang;KONG WeiHong;LI ZiYun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教学行为研究所 [2]广州大学教育学院

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2017年第3期3-10,共8页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目"基于交互式电子白板多元互动课堂的教学策略重构"(13YJA880040)

摘　　要：2011年5月,乔布斯与比尔·盖茨会面讨论关于教育和未来学校问题时曾经说过一句著名的话:"为什么IT改变了几乎所有领域,却唯独对教育的影响小得令人吃惊?"这便是"乔布斯之问"。这句话背后所蕴涵的教育技术问题,直接涉及到教育信息化发展的衡量准则。信息技术对教育的影响度,实质上不能以信息技术使用的数量为准则,而应以使用的效果为最高标准。这是"乔布斯之问"存在的问题。"乔布斯之问"大概很能够代表教育技术专业人员的想法,从专业的角度总希望使用信息技术改变以往的学习形态。这便有了"MOOC颠覆传统教育"之类的期待。这种"滥用"信息技术的现象,恰恰破坏了学习规律的学习生态,人类将沦为工具的奴隶。从这个意义上说,目前的"互联网+"的概念,也存在着严重的方向性问题。由此表明,"乔布斯之问"对信息技术用于教育教学的认识还停留在"技术感性"的层面,违背了教育是人类活动的公理,忽略了教育技术"合目的性"的特征。至今,还没有哪所学校仅凭信息技术就可以实现学校的"脱胎换骨"或跨越发展。所以教育教学需要反省的是"拜工具主义"。In May2011,Jobs once asked"why IT changed almost every field,but the impact oneducation is surprisingly small?"when he met Bill Gates and discussed the problem about the educationand the future schools.This is the Jobs'Question.The educational technical problem behind this questionis directly related to the measuring criterion of the development of educational informatization.In fact,theinfluence of information technology on education should be based on the effect instead of the number ofinformation technology used,which is the problem of Jobs'question."Jobs'question"probably representsthe ideas of educational technology professionals,who always hope to use information technology to changeprevious learning patterns,which leads to the expectation that"MOOC overthrows traditional education".The phenomenon of"misuse"of information technology has destroyed the learning ecology of learning laws,which makes human beings slaves of tools.In this sense,there are serious problems in the direction of theconcept of"Internet plus".This shows that"Jobs'question"still stays in the"emotional"level and iscontrary to the axiom of human activities.What is more,it ignores the conformity of characteristics ofeducational technology.So far,there is no school can achieve success with information technology alone.Therefore,education and teaching need to reflect on the"Instrumentalism".

关 键 词：教育信息化 乔布斯之问 拜工具论 教育教学 衡量标准 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]