本土化视野下的坦桑尼亚教学语言问题  

A Study of the Issue of Medium-of-Instruction in Tanzania from the Perspective of Indigenization

作　　者：李丹 Li Dan

机构地区：[1]大连民族大学外国语学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2017年第3期123-141,共19页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L15CYY003);大连民族大学博士启动基金的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：独立至今,坦桑尼亚未曾经历过剧烈的社会、政局动荡,也不存在尖锐的民族、种族矛盾,国内局势相对平稳,作为族际通用语的斯瓦希里语功不可没。然而,当下坦桑尼亚正在逐步远离建国初期的"斯瓦希里化"梦想,英语和斯瓦希里语在教育领域内的博弈引发了席卷全国的教学语言危机。在多股力量的共同作用下,斯瓦希里语的发展渐趋迟缓,教育本土化大业渐被侵蚀。在英语日益全球化的背景下,语言政治化、精神殖民化、教育精英化等趋势严重阻碍了坦桑尼亚扩展斯瓦希里语教学语言职能的多次尝试。英语与斯瓦希里语在坦桑尼亚的角逐也是后殖民非洲国家中语言地位级差的一个缩影。Since independence,Tanzania has neither gone through any violent social or political disturbance,nor existed any intense ethnic or racial contradictions.Swahili,the interethnic language,played an extremely important role in this process.However,Tanzania is progressively drifting away from the cause of Swahilization,which was the main target at the earlier period of its foundation.The language game between English and Swahili in the educational arena has stirred up the crisis of medium-of-instruction throughout the whole country.Under the influence of multiple forces,the development of Swahili has slowed down,and the cause of indigenization of education has been gradually eroded.After some comprehensive analyses,a conclusion has been drawn that three factors,including the politicization of languages,colonization of mindset and elite-model education,have severely disrupted several attempts to broaden the functions of medium-of-instruction for Swahili from the perspective of the globalization of English.At the same time,the rivalry between English and Swahili in Tanzania is fundamentally a manifestation of the language status differentials in postcolonial African countries.

关 键 词：瓦希里语 教育本土化 教学语言危机 语言地位级差 

分 类 号：G542.5[文化科学—教育学]