薇甘菊防除后抑制其再次入侵的几种防治措施初探  

Evaluation of the Controlling Methods on Inhibiting the Secondary Invasion of Mikania micrantha H.B.K

作　　者：徐高峰[1] 岳英 申时才[1] 郭晋 金桂梅[1] 张付斗[1] 张玉华[1] XU Gaofeng;YUE Ying;SHEN Shicai;GUO Jin;JIN Guimei;ZHANG Fudou;ZHANG Yuhua(Agricultural Environment & Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China;Yunnan Agricultural Environmental Protection and Monitoring Station, Kunming 650034, China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南省农业环境保护监测站,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第6期911-918,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南科技创新人才计划项目(2014HB039);云南省对外科技合作计划项目(2014009);农业部昆明作物有害生物观测站

摘　　要：如何避免入侵植物薇甘菊防治后再次入侵是一个困扰国内外学者的难题。在野外条件下,对比研究了在薇甘菊入侵地施用化学除草剂百草枯、草甘膦和氯氟吡氧乙酸的化学防治方法以及施用3种化学除草剂后栽种甘薯的综合防治方法对入侵地的植物群落结构、物种组成、物种多样性和薇甘菊防治效果的影响。结果表明,处理后180 d,采用施除草剂后栽种甘薯的综合防治处理组对入侵地薇甘菊的株防治效果和鲜物质质量的防治效果显著优于化学防治处理组。化学防治处理组群落薇甘菊的重要值随防治时间的延长表现为先降低后增加,而其他物种重要值的变化则与之相反,其中草甘膦和氯氟吡氧乙酸处理后第30天未见薇甘菊发生;综合防治处理组喷药后第180天群落薇甘菊的重要值分别为36.98、22.21和20.13,显著小于处理前、化学防治处理组和对照。化学防治处理组在施药后第30天,群落物种丰富度指数(S)显著降低,Simpson指数(D)显著增加,Shannon-Wiener指数(H)除百草枯处理显著增加外,草甘膦和氯氟吡氧乙酸处理显著降低,但Pielous均匀度指数(J)与药前差异不显著;而施药后第180天,3种除草剂处理组除Simpson指数(D)显著增加,物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Pielous均匀度指数(J)与药前无显著变化。综合防治处理组,除百草枯+甘薯处理喷药后180 d的Shannon-Wiener指数(H)显著小于喷药前外,其他处理的Simpson指数(D)、物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Pielous均匀度指数(J)与喷药前均无显著变化。研究结果表明,在薇甘菊入侵地,通过筛选不同化学药剂和依靠迹地本地种群难以抵御薇甘菊的再入侵与危害,而采用先化学防治后栽种甘薯的综合防治技术可显著降低薇甘菊再发生的重要值,且群落的物种多样性无明显改变。研究结果可为入侵地有效控制薇甘菊提供参考。The prevention of re-invasion of Mikania micrantha H.B.K.has become increasingly daunting.Research on integrated control of M.micrantha through planting Ipomoea batatas after different chemical control methods has provided the scientific ways for effective control of M.micrantha.This paper studied the effect of different control methods on the structure,species composition and diversity of reconstructed communities in M.micrantha invading field.A field experiment was conducted involving six treatments of chemical(spraying paraquat,glyphosate and fluroxypyr)and integrated(paraquat+I.batatas,glyphosate+I.batatas,fluroxypyr+I.batatas)control methods.During the experiment,total coverage,individual density and diversity of the plant community in each treatment were determined.The results showed the control effects of integrated control(chemical control with planting I.batatas)on emergence and fresh weight of M.micrantha were significantly higher than that of the chemical control on day180.With increasing treatment time,M.micrantha importance value under chemical control in M.micrantha invaded community initially decreased and then later increased.This trend was quite different for the other species.No M.micrantha was noted after spraying glyphosate and fluroxypyr on day30.M.micrantha importance values under integrated control for sprayed paraquat plus I.batas,glyphosate plus I.batas,fluroxypyr plus I.batas were36.98,22.21and20.13,respectively.These values were significantly lower than those of chemical control treatments at day180and CK treatment.Under chemical control treatments,after30day of treatment,the species richness index(S)decreased significantly while Simpson index(D)increased significantly.Shannon-Wiener index(H)increased significantly in spraying paratuat treatment,while it significant decreased in spraying glyphosate and fluroxypyr treatments.Pielous index(J)was not significantly different from that of CK.However,Simpson index(D)significantly increased while it was not significantly different from that of

关 键 词：薇甘菊 甘薯 化学防治 综合防治 生物多样性 丰富度指数 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]