美国早期儿童数据系统建设与启示——以宾夕法尼亚州的实践为案例  

The Construction and Implications of Early Childhood Data System in the United States :Using the Case of Pennsylvania

作　　者：刘昆[1] 郭力平[1] LIU Kun;GUO Li-ping(Preschool Education Department in Education Faculty,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学学前教育系,上海200062

出　　处：《基础教育》2017年第4期39-50,共12页Journal of Schooling Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金规划教育学重点课题"保障适龄儿童接受基本而有质量的学前教育政策和机制研究"的子课题"东部发达地区保基本;有质量的学前教育政策机制研究"的阶段性研究成果(课题批准号:AHA110004)

摘　　要：20世纪末期,美国早期儿童教育的质量、公平、传统管理架构等问题共同推进了各州早期儿童数据系统的建设。宾夕法尼亚州于21世纪初期开始建设早期儿童数据系统,在改变该州早期儿童服务的管理架构的过程中,创建宾夕法尼亚州企业跨网络儿童信息连接中心作为早期儿童服务的数据整合平台。同时,为提升该平台的深度数据挖掘功能,建立了该州的早期儿童数据系统——早期学习网络。早期学习网络对宾州企业跨网络儿童信息连接中心的所有关于儿童、教师、机构的数据进行再次整合,并以"儿童为中心"分析儿童学习与发展的需求、早期儿童项目的质量等问题,为各层级利益相关者提供"基于数据"的科学决策支持,以不断提升该州的早期儿童服务的质量。本研究在介绍宾州基本背景与数据系统架构的前提下,着重介绍早期学习网络的实施情况及其面临挑战,以期对我国学前教育领域的数据系统建设有一定借鉴。In the end of the20th century,the preschool education of United States was facing the double bottleneck of quality improvement and fairness,coupled with the limitations of traditional management structure,all the problems jointly promote the construction of the early childhood data systems.Theearly childhood data system of Pennsylvania started in the early21st century.The state create Pennsylvania's Enterprise to Link Information for ChildrenAcross Networks in the process of changing the framework of management structure.Meanwhile,in order to enhance the capabilities of depth data mining of theplatform,they established the Early Learning Network as the early childhood data system of Pennsylvania.The Early Learning Network implements a furtherdata integration of all the children,teachers and programs in the Pennsylvania's Enterprise to Link Information for Children Across Networks and analysis ofthe needs of children learning and development,the problems in the quality early childhood programs and other issues in the point"child-centered".It canprovide"data-based"scientific decision support for all levels of stakeholders in order to improve the quality of early childhood services in the state.This studyintroduce the background and basic architecture of Pennsylvania early childhood data system,and then we focus on the implementation of the Early LearningNetwork and its challenges,hoping to provide some useful reference in the field of data systems building in China.

关 键 词：宾夕法尼亚州 早期儿童 数据系统 

分 类 号：G619.712[文化科学—学前教育学]