无人机水上遇险搜救关键技术研究  

Key Technologies of Maritime Distress Search and Rescue Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

作　　者：曹德胜[1,2] 桑凌志 CAO De-sheng;SANG Ling-zhi(China Transportation Telecommunication and Information Center, Beijing 100011, China;National Engineering Laboratory for Transportation Safety and Emergency Informatics, Beijing 100011, China)

机构地区：[1]中国交通通信信息中心,北京100011 [2]交通安全应急信息技术国家工程实验室,北京100011

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2017年第3期62-68,共7页Transport Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51479155);交通运输部应用基础研究项目(2014 329 208 290)

摘　　要：为提高水上交通安全应急处理能力,突破船艇在水上遇险搜救中存在的限制,针对基于无人机的水上搜救关键技术进行了研究。首先,对无人机系统和性能需求进行了分析并设计了一个无人机实验平台;其次,针对目标识别与定位技术、机载甚高频无线通信技术以及基于北斗导航系统的无人机信息传输技术进行了详细分析,以解决水上目标识别定位、水上应急通信及无人机远程巡航等关键问题,并在此基础上开发了配套的无人机水上交通安全应急处置系统,最终实现了无人机水上遇险搜救应急处置装置的研发。最后,在东海海区的示范应用结果表明,该装置能够准确地对水上目标进行有效识别,可进一步为水上遇险搜救提供技术保障。In order to improve the disposal ability of maritime traffic safety and emergency,and overcome the limitation of ship in maritime search and rescue,some key technologies of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)were studied while UAV was used for the maritime search and rescue.Firstly,the requirements of UAV management system and its performance were both analyzed for the design of UAV experimental platform.Secondly,some technologies,including the target identification and tracking,the skyborne VHF(Very High Frequency)relaying and information communication based on Beidou Compass System,were analyzed in detail to solve key issues,such as maritime target positioning,maritime emergency communication and UAV long-range cruise.A disposal system of maritime traffic safety and emergency based on UAV was developed,while the corresponding disposal equip was developed.Finally,the system and equipment were applied in China East Sea,the result showed that the system and equipment could identify the maritime target efficiently.It can be concluded that the proposed equipment could offer the reliable technological guarantee for maritime search and rescue.

关 键 词：无人机 遇险 水上搜救 目标识别 应急通信 北斗导航 

分 类 号：U664.6[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]