高速列车制动夹钳积雪结冰数值仿真研究  

Numerical research of the snow and ice accumulation on the brake calipers of the high-speed trains

作　　者：黄照伟 冯永华 高广军[2] 王家斌 张琰[2] HUANG Zhaowei;FENG Yonghua;GAO Guangjun;WANG Jiabin;ZHANG Yan(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266111, China;School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2017年第12期2516-2524,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中南大学创新驱动计划项目(2015CX003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1334205,U1534210);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(14JJ1003);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200403-C-07);高寒动车组转向架防积雪结冰深化研究项目(SF/JS-马字-2016-570)

摘　　要：采用基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型的数值仿真方法对制动夹钳积雪结冰问题展开研究,并通过风洞实验验证数值仿真结果的正确性。分析制动夹钳周围的空气流动特性和夹钳表面的压力分布特点。研究结果表明:高速气流主要在转向架下部流动,仅有少量低速气流向上偏转进入到转向架上方区域。大量雪粒子跟随高速气流冲刷制动夹钳并在其下表面形成严重的积雪结冰,而少量雪粒子跟随上扬气流进入转向架上方区域,重力作用下,在夹钳上表面形成少量积雪。雪粒子跟随高速列车单向运行时,气流对后侧制动夹钳的冲刷作用强于前侧,前侧夹钳处于负压环境中,而后侧夹钳迎风侧和底部呈现明显正压,导致后侧夹钳的积雪结冰前侧夹钳更为严重。A numerical simulation method based on the Realizable k?εturbulence model was used to explore the flow features around the high-speed train travelling in cold winter.The accuracy of mesh resolution and methodology of CFD was validated by wind tunnel tests.The flow characteristic around brake calipers and the pressure distribution were also analyzed.The results show that when high-speed train running in one direction,the high-speed streamlines primarily flow under the bogie,while only few streamlines with low speed move up and flow into the upper region of the bogie.Lots of snow particles below the bogie follow the high-speed streamlines directly impact on the brake calipers,causing massive snow packing on the bottom surface of brake calipers.Fewer snow particles move up into the upper space,and result in little snow accumulation on the top of the brake calipers because of gravity.The flushing effect on the rear brake calipers caused by streamlines carrying the massive snow particles is much higher than the front,and the front brake calipers are in the negative pressure environment while the rear brake calipers are in high positive pressure.Therefore,the snow and ice accumulation on the rear brake calipers is much more than the front.

关 键 词：高速列车 制动夹钳 积雪结冰 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]