梭罗及其《瓦尔登湖》生态主义思想评析——纪念亨利·戴维·梭罗200周年诞辰  

On Thoreau's Ecological Views and His Walden in Honor of His 200^(th) Birthday

作　　者：包庆德[1] 宋凌晨 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学哲学院暨生态文明与社会发展研究中心 [2]南京大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2017年第6期12-23,共12页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"生态哲学基本范畴研究"(11BZX029)

摘　　要：2017年是美国著名文学家、政论家和哲学家梭罗200周年诞辰。梭罗生态整体主义思想的形成,与他的成长环境以及个人性格是分不开的。瓦尔登湖成为梭罗进行自我定位与理想探索的现实根据地。亲身在自然中独居的经历,不仅给梭罗更多自由的时间,也使其自然思想在与自然亲密接触的过程中得到升华,这些都为他后来写作《瓦尔登湖》提供了深厚的思想基础。梭罗带着他对自然和精神生活的热爱,对新教节忍品质的笃信,对于当时商业主义与物质主义下人们的生活状态进行深度反思,对于人们过度追求物质享乐而终日劳作的现象给予深刻批判。梭罗认为,人并非自然的主宰,文明与自然更非相互对立。梭罗的生态主义思想,对后世生态哲学的相关理论起到了开拓性的先导作用。The year 2017 welcomes the 200^(th) birthday of Thoreau, a famous American writer in literature, politics and philosophy. The formation of Thoreau's ecological holism was inseparable from his growing environment and his own personality. The Walden Pond became a real as well as spiritual base for Thoreau to define himself and explore his ideals. The experience of living alone in nature not only gave him more free time but also crystalized his natural thought in the close contact with nature, laying a solid foundation for his writing of Walden. With his love for the natural and spiritual life and his firm belief in temperance and endurance advocated by Protestantism, Thoreau deeply reflected on the living conditions of people who were seriously affected by the then prevailing commercialism and materialism, and sharply criticized the phenomenon that people worked all day long to earn money to satisfy their never satisfied desire for material things. According to Thoreau, man is not the master of nature, while civilization and nature are never in conflict. Thoreau's ecological views play a pioneering and guiding role in the ensuing theories of ecological philosophy.

关 键 词：梭罗 《瓦尔登湖》 生态中心论 生态哲学思想 文明与自然 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]