水下阻力增强式训练对男排运动员下肢运动表现影响研究  

On Effect of Aquatic Resistance Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Exercise Performance of Male Volleyball Players

作　　者：李春涛[1] LI Chun-tao(Department of Physical Education,Chongqing Nanfang Translators College under Sichuan College of Physical Education,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学重庆南方翻译学院体育部,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期115-122,共8页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨8周水下增强式训练对下肢肌力、跳跃能力、动态稳定性、肌肉酸痛和停训4周后保留效果的影响.以18名男排国家一级运动员为研究对象(平均年龄20.4±1.8岁、身高185.2±9.5cm、体质量81.4±8.9kg).随机分为水下阻力增强式训练组(aquatic resistance plyometric training,ARPT,A组)和控制组(C组),前测后开始为期8周、每周2次、每次60min的训练,结束后1周及4周施予后测.研究发现水下阻力增强式训练组停训后4周,在60°/s,180°/s膝伸相对力矩峰值和3步摆臂垂直跳的跳跃高度均显著优于前测,且在180°/s膝伸相对力矩峰值及3步摆臂垂直跳落地接触时间亦显著优于训练后1周.水下阻力增强式训练组在训练结束后1周和4周的动态稳定性指数均显著优于前测.研究认为:水下阻力增强式训练可显著改善下肢动态稳定性,且其效果可保留至停止训练后4周.水下阻力增强式训练对下肢肌力及跳跃高度的效果,有延迟出现的现象,在停训4周后均显著优于训练前.建议可应用水下阻力增强式训练并配合赛前减量计划,以利在较长的赛季中维持专项体能.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 8 weeks aquatic resistance plyometric training(ARPT)on lower limb strength,jumping performance,dynamic stability and muscle soreness,and also to determine the persistence of training effect following 4 weeks detraining in collegiate volleyball players.Fighteen National level of male volleyball athletes(age:20.4±1.8yr,height:185.2±9.5cm、weight:81.4±8.9kg),were randomly assigned into ARPT and C(control)groups.After the pretests,participants in both training groups performed two 60-min training sessions per week for 8 weeks.Posttest analyses were conducted after the first and fourth week of detraining.Results indicate that 4 weeks detraining significantly improved the relative peak torque of knee extension with angular velocity set at 60°/S and 180°/S,and jump height of three-step jump(TSJ)compared to pre-test in ARPT group.Furthermore,relative peak torque with angular velocity set at 180°/S and contact time of TSJ were also significantly improved following 4-week detraining than 1 week after training.The Star Excursion Balance Test of ARPT group was significantly improved than pre-test following 1 and 4 weeks of detraining.It is concluded that the aquatic resistance plyometric training significantly improved the dynamic stability of the lower limbs,and these effects appear to be sustained until 4 weeks following detraining.Although the effect of ARPT has a delay phenomenon in lower limb strength and jumping performance after 8-week training,however,following 4-week detraining,the effects are significantly better than pre-test and 1 week after training.We recommend that aquatic resistance plyometric training could be applied with tapering,which may be beneficial to maintain the specific physical fitness in the longer season.

关 键 词：排球 下肢力量 水下 增强式训练 

分 类 号：G819.2[文化科学—体育学]