环境问题研究的反思:环境心理学的视角  

Reflection on Environmental Problems:From Perspective of Environmental Psychology

作　　者：耿柳娜[1] 卓敏 GENG Liuna;ZHUO Min(School of Social and Behavior Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期78-96,共19页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"转型时代的社会心态:以环境社会心态为例"(2015JDXM003);环境保护部环境规划院项目"企业达标排污意愿及其影响因素研究"(2017A097)

摘　　要：近年来,我国生态环境问题日益凸显,大多数生态环境问题本质上是由人类活动和人的行为所引起的,因而,解决环境问题亟须引入心理学研究视角。环境心理学是一门研究人的心理与行为规律,对人与环境间关系进行追问和探究的学科。环境心理学起源于20世纪五六十年代的美国,自20世纪80年代引入中国,目前国内环境心理学正处于从引入阶段、学习阶段向发展阶段的过渡期。本文依托中国知网(CKNI)和Web of Science数据库,检索国内学者的论文发表情况与关注议题,概述了国内环境心理学近十年来的发展特点,研究发现:第一,环境心理学研究者热情高涨、研究议题丰富;环境心理学学科渗透力度逐步增强,涉及建筑学、语言学、社会学、教育学和艺术学等多学科领域,与其他学科相融互通;研究者由零散、点状向团队、面状发展,不断整合研究资源优势。第二,环境心理学近年来关注的议题主要涵盖三个领域,(1)环保行为议题,集中于本土环保行为理论探索、本土化测度环保行为及其影响变量、环保行为的影响因素研究三个方面;(2)环境风险议题,包括环境风险感知结构化确立、环境风险感知研究范式应用、环境风险感知影响因素、环境风险感知干预研究及特殊时空差异现象、环境风险决策研究;(3)环境与健康议题,包括环境问题对心理健康影响、利用复愈环境实现心灵康养两个方面。文章最后就已有的研究成果做了反思与展望,具体体现在:推进学科交叉共融,弱化学科界限;充分发挥学科优势,加强应用研究;立足本土研究,加强国际对话。In recent years,environmental problems in China have become increasingly prominent,most of which are essentially caused by human activities and behaviors.Therefore,there is a need for environmental psychology perspective in the problem-solving attempt.Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology exploring the regularity of psychological activity and behavior,and providing a systematic account for the relationship between human beings and the environment.Originated from the United States in the 1950s to 1960s,it was introduced to China in the 1980s.At present,domestic environmental psychology is at the transition stage from introduction to development.This paper summarizes the development characteristics of domestic environmental psychology in recent ten years and concludes the main research topics aroused by the environmental problems at the present stage.To be more specific,first,by retrieving the publications and research concerns based on the database of CNKI and Web of Science,we found that domestic scholars have rising enthusiasm and their research topics are rich with the penetration being gradually strengthened,involving academic subjects such as architecture,linguistics,sociology,pedagogy and arts,interrelating with other disciplines.Researchers have developed from single efforts to teamwork,continuously integrating resource advantages.Second,research concerns:①Research of environmental behavior includes exploration of domestic environmental behavior theory,domestic measurement of environmental behavior and its influence variables,and the influence factors of environmental behavior.②Research of environmental risk covers structural establishment of environmental risk perception,application of research paradigm of environmental risk perception,influence factors of environmental risk perception,intervention of environmental risk perception and its special spatiotemporal differences,environmental risk decision.③Research on environment and health includes the influence of environmental problem on m

关 键 词：环境心理学 环保行为 环境风险 环境与健康 

分 类 号：B845.6[哲学宗教—心理学] X191[环境科学与工程—环境科学]