海军某部舰艇官兵膳食营养调查  

Dietary Nutrition Survey among Naval Officers and Soldiers aboard Warships

作　　者：虞立霞[1] 王永辉[1] 袭著革[1] 刘剑英 洪燕[1] YU Lixia;WANG Yonghui;XI Zhuge;LIU Jianying;HONG Yan(Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Tianjin 3000501,China)

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所,天津300501 [2]海军青岛第一疗养院营养科

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2018年第1期27-29,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：全军医学科技“十三五”重大项目(No.AWS16J004)

摘　　要：目的了解舰艇部队的膳食结构及营养素摄入状况,为部队合理膳食和改善营养提供依据。方法选取某水面舰艇部队336名官兵作为调查对象,采用称量法进行连续4 d的膳食调查,计算热能及营养素的摄入情况,了解官兵营养缺乏症状的发生情况。结果舰艇部队日均能量消耗约为3 411.4 kcal。二类灶膳食中每人日均粮食、鱼虾类、豆类、奶类摄入不足,油脂类摄入偏高。能量和蛋白质摄入量均符合军标要求,而矿物元素钙和锌摄入不足,铁、磷、钠的摄入量偏高。维生素A、B_1和B_2摄入不足,而维生素E摄入量偏高。三大营养素供能比例不均衡,其中脂肪占49.0%,超过了军标(20%~30%)规定;而碳水化合物产能比例为38.5%,低于军标(55%~65%)的规定。结论舰艇部队膳食结构不够合理,供能比例不均衡,营养素不足现象仍然存在。应适当减少油脂类、高盐饮食,增加奶类、豆类、薯类等食物的供应,以弥补某些营养素的不足。Objective To investigate the dietary pattern and nutrient intakes of naval officers and soldiers aboard warships,and to provide reference for healthy diet and nutritional improvement.Methods 336 naval officers and soldiers were included in a dietary nutrition survey.The intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated using the data collected from weighing foods for four consecutive days.The symptoms of nutritional deficiency were also investigated in our survey.Results The daily intake of cereal,fish,bean and milk was insufficient,but there was excessive supply of fat and oil.Both energy and protein intakes per day met the military standard.Inadequate intakes of calcium and zinc and excessive intakes of iron,phosphorus and sodium were foundin our investigation.In terms of vitamins,dietary vitamin A,B1 and B2 were insufficient while vitamin E intake was higher than the standard.Furthermore,the energy supply from carbohydrates,protein and lipid was imbalanced.The percentage of lipid productivity was 49.0%,higher than the military standard,while the percentage of carbohydrate productivity was 38.5%,lower than the military standard.Conclusion An unhealthy dietary pattern,unbalanced energy supply and undernutrition are prevalent in warships.Officers and soldiers should be kept away from high-fat and high-salt diets.A variety of foods such as milk,beans,and tubers should be abundantly supplied to remedy undernutrition.

关 键 词：舰艇部队 膳食调查 食物定量 营养素供给量 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R821.81[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]