蒸馏时间对柠檬桉叶得油率及主成分的影响  

Effect of Distillation Time on Main Chemical Composition and Oil Yield of Eucalyptus citriodora Leaves

作　　者：谷瑶[1,2] 周丽珠[1] 陈健波[1] 梁忠云[1] 李桂珍[1] 邓紫宇[1] 孟中磊[1] GU Yao;ZHOU Li-zhu;CHEN Jian-bo;LIANG Zhong-yun;LI Gui-zhen;DENG Zi-yu;MENG Zhong-lei(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,南宁530002 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《广西林业科学》2018年第1期89-93,共5页Guangxi Forestry Science

基　　金：广西林科院基本科研业务费专项(林科201818号;林科201821号)

摘　　要：蒸馏时间是柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)叶油出油率及其化学成分的重要影响因素之一。采用GC-MS、GC对不同蒸馏时间收集的25年生柠檬桉叶油进行定性和定量分析,研究结果表明,柠檬桉叶油水蒸气蒸馏0~2.0 h,得油率为1.220%(鲜叶得油率),柠檬桉叶油中共检测出42种化合物,其中相对含量在1.000%以上的共计6种,分别为香茅醛(58.188%)、香茅醇(12.959%)、新异胡薄荷醇(8.959%)、乙酸香茅酯(7.686%)、对?烷-3-8-二醇(3.062%)、1,8-桉叶素(1.665%)和异胡薄荷醇(1.005%),占挥发油含量的93.524%。对15年生柠檬桉挥发油GC结果显示,当蒸汽量90 m L/min,料液比1:1.8,蒸油时间在0~1.0 h得油率为1.156%,得到的挥发油中香茅醛含量为79.966%,新异胡薄荷醇和异胡薄荷醇含量为9.313%,柠檬桉油特征组分符合GB/T 22179-2008要求。随着蒸馏时间的延长,得到的挥发油相对较少,为了降低能耗,提取的柠檬桉油特征组分符合国家标准,建议工业上将蒸油时间控制在1.0 h。Distillation time was one of the important factors to affect the oil yield and main chemical compositions of Eucalyptus citriodora.The qualitative and quantitative analysis of different distillation time of volatile oil from 25-year-old E.citriodora were conducted by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(CG-MS).Results showed that when the distillation time was 2.0 h,the oil yield(fresh leaves)was 1.220%and 42 compounds were identified.The main compounds which the relative content was more than 1.000%were citronellal(58.188%),citronellol(12.959%),neoisopulegol(8.959%),citronellyl acetate(7.686%),p-menthane-3,8-diol(3.062%),1,8-cineole(1.665%),and isopulegol(1.005%).Those 6 compounds accounted for 93.524%of citriodora oils.GC results of volatile oil from 15-year-oldE.citriodora indicated that when the steam consumption was 90 mL/min and the solid-liquid ratio was 1:1.8,the oil yield was 1.156%in 1.0 h.And the content of citronellal in volatile oil was 79.966%,the total content of neoisopulegol and isopulegol was 9.313%.The characteristic components of the citriodora oil met the GB/T 22179-2008 standard.The volatile oil became less with the extension of distillation time.It was suggested that the distillation time should be 1.0 h for the good quality of citriodora oil in order to reduce energy consumption and meet the national standard.

关 键 词：柠檬桉油 香茅醛 蒸油时间 蒸汽量 料液比 

分 类 号：TQ654.2[化学工程—精细化工]