微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘研究进展  

Progress in Mining of Microbial Lipase Resources

作　　者：蔡海莺[1,2,3] 王珍珍 张婷 赵敏洁[3] 李杨 毛建卫[1,2] 冯凤琴[3] CAI Haiying;WANG Zhenzhen;ZHANG Ting;ZHAO Minjie;LI Yang;MAO Jianwei;FENG Fengqin(School of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing,Hangzhou 310023,China;College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]浙江省农业生物资源生化制造协同创新中心,浙江杭州310023 [3]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《食品科学》2018年第7期329-337,共9页Food Science

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项(2012C12005-2);浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(LY18C200006);浙江省教育厅科研一般项目(Y201737161);浙江省农业生物资源生化制造协同创新中心开放基金项目(2016KF0048)

摘　　要：脂肪酶广泛分布于动物、植物和微生物中,工业化脂肪酶主要来源于微生物。脂肪酶制剂的进一步工业化应用受限于生产成本和脂肪酶的温度和pH值耐受性、活性、专一性和溶剂耐受性等酶学性质,虽然微生物脂肪酶基因和蛋白相关资源信息已经非常丰富,但适合食品、药品和能源等工业应用的脂肪酶制剂品种依然较少,研究者仍然在为新型和理想的脂肪酶制剂资源的挖掘而努力。本文重点综述了微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘的主要研究方法,主要包括通过环境筛选和宏基因组筛选挖掘新的具有优良特性的脂肪酶;脂肪酶微生物生产菌株的改良、脂肪酶基因在重组工程菌株中的重组表达和优化、蛋白质工程方法对脂肪酶蛋白进行改造、脂肪酶固定化和催化工艺的改良等。Lipases are ubiquitous in animals,plants and microorganisms,but industrial lipases are mainly produced by microorganisms.The industrial application of lipases is constrained by its high cost and enzymatic characteristics such as temperature and pH tolerance,specific activity,substrate specificity and solvent resistance.Despite the abundance of information regarding microbial lipase genes and proteins,there are currently very few commercial lipase preparations that are suitable for application in the food,pharmaceutical and energy industries.Accordingly,tremendous research efforts have been made to mine novel alternative lipase resources.This article mainly presents a review of the approaches used to mine microbial lipase resources including environmental screening and metagenomics screening for mining new lipases with good properties,genetic improvement of lipase-producing strains,recombinant expression of lipases in genetically engineered strains,lipase modification by protein engineering,lipase immobilization and optimization of reaction conditions of immobilized lipase.

关 键 词：微生物脂肪酶 资源挖掘 环境筛选 重组表达 蛋白质工程 

分 类 号：Q556.1[生物学—生物化学]