AFB1与吸附剂对牦牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响  

Effect of aflatoxin B1 and adsorbents on rumen fermentation performance of yaks

作　　者：李子谦 文勇立 齐沛森 安雅静 李铸 艾鷖 赵佳琦 李强 安德科 LI Ziqian;WEN Yongli;QI Peisen;AN Yajing;LI Zhu;AI Yi;ZHAO Jiaqi;LI Qiang;AN Deke(Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station,Chengdu 610041,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center of Jinchuan Country,Jinchuan,Sichuan 624100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610041 [2]四川省畜牧总站,成都610041 [3]金川县畜牧兽医服务中心,四川金川624100

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2018年第4期59-66,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD13B03);西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2017SZ022)

摘　　要：探讨黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和吸附剂对牦牛瘤胃发酵性能影响。采用2因素4水平完全正交试验,饲料中添加4个水平AFB1为20、40、60μg·kg-1、对照组,不同吸附剂处理:蒙脱石(MMT)50 g·头-1·d-1、酵母细胞壁提取物(YCW)50 g·头-1·d-1、MMT 25 g·头-1·d-1+YCW 25 g·头-1·d-1、对照组,测定瘤胃液p H、氨氮(NH3-H)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)等14个发酵指标及Fe、Cu、Mn等5种微量元素含量。结果表明,AFB1可降低牦牛瘤胃液p H、NH3-H、总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸浓度、微晶纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶活性、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Se含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),乙丙比升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。3种吸附剂处理均不同程度降低乙丙比,提高总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度、羧甲基纤维素酶活性,效应顺序为Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ,但仅YCW作用具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。AFB1对牦牛瘤胃发酵具有抑制作用,浓度越高作用越大;随AFB1浓度增高,瘤胃液微量元素含量降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),可能存在吸附作用;3种吸附剂处理均可抑制AFB1对牦牛瘤胃微生物毒性,其中YCW效果较优。研究结果将为进一步探讨AFB1影响瘤胃发酵性能相关研究提供参考,为反刍动物饲料安全和吸附剂应用奠定基础。To explore the effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)and adsorbents on rumen fermentation performance of yaks,two factors and four levels complete orthogonal test design was adopted.Different levels of AFB1 were 20,40,60μg·kg-1 and control group,and different adsorbent treatments were montmorillonite(MMT)50 g·head-1·d-1,yeast cell wall extract(YCW)50 g·head-1·d-1,MMT 25 g·head-1·d-1+YCW 25 g·head-1·d-1,and control group were added to the daily food of yaks.There were a total of 14 kinds of rumen fermentation indices and five kinds of trace elements of yaks were measured,such as pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH3-H),volatile fatty acid(VFA),and Cu,Fe,Mn.The results showed that AFB1 reduced pH,concentration of VFA,NH3-H,the total VFA,acetate,propionate,valerate,activities of avicelase,cellorbiase,xylanase and contents of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,Se of yaks rumen liquid(P<0.01 or P<0.05).AFB1 caused the increase of acetate/propionate(P<0.01 or P<0.05).All three kinds of adsorbents treatments reduced the acetate/propionate and enhanced the concentration of the total VFA,acetate,propionate,butyrate,microprotein(MCP)and activities of CMcase,the effect order wasⅡ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ,but only the treatment of YCW was statistically significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05).AFB1 had negative effects on the rumen fermentation of yaks,and the higher the concentration,the greater the influence;AFB1 could reduce the content of trace elements in rumen fluid;three kinds of adsorbents treatments could inhabit the toxicity of AFB1 on rumen microorganism of yaks,and YCW had the best effect.The results would provide the references for the further study of the effects of AFB1 on rumen fermentation performance,and lay a foundation of the safety of ruminant feed and the application of adsorbents.

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素B1 牦牛 瘤胃 发酵性能 微量元素 蒙脱石 酵母细胞壁提取物 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]