日本沼虾蜕皮过程中头胸甲外骨骼超微结构的改变  

Changes in the ultrastructure of the carapace during the molt cycle of Macrobrachium nipponense

作　　者：杜娟[1,2] 张俊芳 郑征帆 黄亚龙 苗泽龙 宁黔冀[1] DU Juan;ZHANG Junfang;ZHENG Zhengfan;HUANG Yalong;MIAO Zelong;NING Qianji(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]新乡医学院基础医学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2018年第2期301-307,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目(142300410021)

摘　　要：采用HE染色及石蜡切片的扫描电镜观察方法,描述了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)蜕皮间期(C期,intermolt stage)及新旧表皮更替变化剧烈的蜕皮前晚期(D4期,late premolt stage)和蜕皮后期(postmolt stage)A-B期头胸甲外骨骼的形态结构变化特点。结果显示,日本沼虾外骨骼分为上表皮、外表皮、内表皮三层,D4期出现新的上表皮和外表皮,B期出现新内表皮,外表皮强嗜碱性而内表皮弱嗜酸性。扫描电镜观察发现,C期头胸甲内、外表皮均为几丁质-蛋白质纤维构成的平行板层结构且板层内有发达的孔道系统(pore canals,pc),但内外表皮板层间排列紧密程度不同,外表皮板层切面边缘较整齐,结构致密,板层内pc大小均一、近似圆形,内表皮板层切面边缘粗糙,结构较疏松,板层内pc大小不等、多为梭形。在蜕皮前后,新外表皮结构变化显著,与C期相比,D4期新外表皮超微结构与旧内表皮结构相似,而在A期,外表皮超微结构由疏松变为致密,这可能与蜕皮后表皮的钙化相关。本研究旨为阐明沼虾的蜕皮机制提供基础资料。The carapace exoskeletal structure,and its change during the molt cycle of Macrobrachium nipponense,were studied using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the observation of paraffin sections using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the exoskeleton in the intermolt stage(C)is composed of three sub-layers:epicuticle,exocuticle,and an endocuticle,from the outer to the inner layer.The newly formed epicuticle,exocuticle,and endocuticle in the carapace occur in the late premolt D4 and postmolt B stages.The exocuticle is in a strongly basophilic state but the endocuticle is in a weak eosinophilic state.The observation by SEM revealed that,in stage C,both exocuticle and endocuticle have lamellae comprised of parallel sheets of chitin-protein fibers,with abundant pore canals(pc).The stacking density of the lamellae in the exocuticle is higher than that in the endocuticle.The lamellae edges of the exocuticle are regular and the pore canals within them are approximately circular.On the other hand,there are rough edges and unequal-sized,fusiform pore canals in the endocuticle.There is a significant change in the ultrastructure in the newly formed exocuticle after molt.In stage D4,the ultrastructure of the exocuticle is loose,and similar to the old endocuticle from stage C;however,the density of the exocuticle increases in stage A,which may be associated with calcification after molting.

关 键 词：日本沼虾 外骨骼 蜕皮周期 HE染色 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]